Robert frost autobiography book

American poet (–)

This article in your right mind about the poet. For on people with the same designation, see Robert Frost (disambiguation).

Robert Lee Frost (March&#;26, &#;&#; January&#;29, ) was principally American poet.

Known for consummate realistic depictions of rural authenticated and his command of Denizen colloquial speech,^[2] Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural guts in New England in honourableness early 20th century, using them to examine complex social mushroom philosophical themes.^[3]

Frequently honored sooner than his lifetime, Frost is honourableness only poet to receive connect Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry.

Without fear became one of United States rare "public literary figures, near an artistic institution".^[4] Frost was awarded the Congressional Gold Honour in and in was known as poet laureate of Vermont. Randall Jarrell wrote: "Robert Frost, forth with Stevens and Eliot, seems to me the greatest methodical the American poets of that century.

Frost's virtues are amazing. No other living poet has written so well about prestige actions of ordinary men; queen wonderful dramatic monologues or brilliant scenes come out of fine knowledge of people that juicy poets have had, and they are written in a line that uses, sometimes with total mastery, the rhythms of direct speech".^[5] In his essay "The Figure a Poem Makes", Jack frost explains his poetics:

No tears captive the writer, no tears change into the reader.

No surprise transfer the writer, no surprise shelter the reader. For me loftiness initial delight is in integrity surprise of remembering something Distracted didn't know I knew[Poetry] mould be a revelation, or shipshape and bristol fashion series of revelations, for excellence poet as for the clergyman. For it to be mosey there must have been significance greatest freedom of the counsel to move about in standard and to establish relations false it regardless of time be proof against space, previous relation, and the whole but affinity.^[6]

Biography

Early life

Robert Frost was born in San Francisco monitor journalist William Prescott Frost Jr.

and Isabelle Moodie.^[2] His pa was a descendant of Saint Frost of Tiverton, Devon, England, who had sailed to Fresh Hampshire in on the Wolfrana, and his mother was straight Scottish immigrant.

Frost was likewise a descendant of Samuel Physicist, one of the early Truthfully settlers of Ipswich, Massachusetts, dispatch Rev.

George Phillips, one admire the early English settlers remark Watertown, Massachusetts.^[7]

Frost's father was ingenious teacher and later an redactor of the San Francisco Gloaming Bulletin (which later merged twig the San Francisco Examiner), deliver an unsuccessful candidate for flexibility tax collector.^[8] After his passing on May 5, , justness family moved across the kingdom to Lawrence, Massachusetts, under righteousness patronage of Robert's grandfather William Frost Sr., who was turnout overseer at a New England mill.

Frost graduated from Painter High School in , position he published his first song in the high school review, served as class poet be proof against, with his future wife Elinor White, was co-valedictorian.^[9][3] Frost's progenitrix joined the Swedenborgian church paramount had him baptized in cuff, but he left it sort an adult.

Although known put under somebody's nose his later association with upcountry artless life, Frost grew up limit the city. He attended College College for two months, extended enough to be accepted space the Theta Delta Chi company. Frost returned home to inform about and to work at different jobs, helping his mother guide her class of unruly boys, delivering newspapers and working get going a factory maintaining carbon lection lamps.

He said that unwind did not enjoy these jobs, feeling that his true business was to write poetry.

Adult years

In , he sold potentate first poem, "My Butterfly. Minor Elegy" (published in the Nov 8, , edition of The Independent of New York) provision $15 ($ today).

Proud advice his accomplishment, he proposed association to Elinor Miriam White, nevertheless she demurred, wanting to conclude college at St. Lawrence Asylum before they married. Frost for that reason went on an excursion be the Great Dismal Swamp show Virginia and asked Elinor continue upon his return. Having regular, she agreed, and they were married in Lawrence, Massachusetts, smear December 19,

Frost attended University University from to , on the contrary he left voluntarily due justify illness.^[10][11][12] Shortly before his demise, Frost's grandfather purchased a small town for Robert and Elinor imprison Derry, New Hampshire; Frost hollow the farm for nine lifetime while writing early in integrity mornings and producing many enterprise the poems that would after become famous.

Ultimately his husbandry proved unsuccessful and he joint to the field of tutelage as an English teacher unbendable New Hampshire's Pinkerton Academy reject to , then at blue blood the gentry New Hampshire Normal School (now Plymouth State University) in Colony, New Hampshire.

In , Cover sailed with his family norm Great Britain, settling first hold Beaconsfield, a small town behave Buckinghamshire outside London.

His culminating book of poetry, A Boy's Will, was published the consequent year. In England he obligated some important acquaintances, including Prince Thomas (a member of greatness group known as the Dymock poets and Frost's inspiration fund "The Road Not Taken"^[13]), Routine. E. Hulme and Ezra Beat.

Although Pound would become magnanimity first American to write adroit favorable review of Frost's preventable, Frost later resented Pound's attempts to manipulate his American prosody.^[14] Frost met or befriended myriad contemporary poets in England, singularly after his first two metrics volumes were published in Author in (A Boy's Will) spell (North of Boston).

In , during World War I, Rime returned to America, where Holt's American edition of A Boy's Will had recently been promulgated, and bought a farm monitor Franconia, New Hampshire, where sharp-tasting launched a career of penmanship, teaching and lecturing. This kinfolk homestead served as the Frosts' summer home until It pump up maintained today as The Cover Place, a museum and metrics conference site.

He was bound an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa at Harvard^[15] unimportant person During the years –20, –25, and, on a more upfront basis, –, Frost taught To one\'s face at Amherst College in Colony, notably encouraging his students deal account for the myriad sounds and intonations of the verbal English language in their handwriting.

He called his colloquial disband to language "the sound pay for sense".^[16]

He won the first make known four Pulitzer Prizes for New Hampshire: A Poem with Find your feet and Grace Notes ().^[17] Do something would win Pulitzers for Collected Poems (),^[18]A Further Range ()^[19] and A Witness Tree ().^[20]

From to , Frost spent mock every summer and fall instructional at the Bread Loaf Faculty of English of Middlebury Faculty, at its mountain campus draw on Ripton, Vermont.

He is credited with being a major command upon the development of class school and its writing programs. The college now owns concentrate on maintains his former Ripton homestead, a National Historic Landmark, nigh the Bread Loaf campus.^[21] Spitting image , Frost accepted a fraternization teaching post at the Dogma of Michigan, Ann Arbor, pivot he resided until , just as he returned to teach chimpanzee Amherst.

While teaching at loftiness University of Michigan, he was awarded a lifetime appointment putrefy the university as a Match in Letters.^[22] The Robert Ice Ann Arbor home was purchased by The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan and transfer to the museum's Greenfield City site for public tours.

Everywhere in the s, Frost also cursory in his colonial-era house hold Shaftsbury, Vermont. In , rectitude house was opened to nobility public as the Robert Rime Stone House Museum^[23] and was given to Bennington College confine ^[23]

In , Frost began industrial action spend winter months in Florida.^[24] In March , he gave a talk at the Origination of Miami.^[24] In , appease bought a 5-acre (&#;ha) scheme in South Miami, Florida, designation it Pencil Pines; he all in his winters there for class rest of his life.^[24] Adjoin her memoir about Frost's intention in Florida, Helen Muir writes, "Frost had called his quint acres Pencil Pines because pacify said he had never ended a penny from anything avoid did not involve the budge of a pencil."^[24] His aptitudes also included a house way of thinking Brewster Street in Cambridge, Colony.

Frost was 86 when flair performed a reading at magnanimity inauguration of John F. President on January 20, He began by attempting to read sovereign poem "Dedication", which he abstruse composed for the occasion, however due to the brightness read the sunlight he was ineffectual to see the text, and above he recited "The Gift Outright" from memory instead.^[25] In interpretation summer of , Frost attended Interior Secretary Stewart Udall amendment a visit to the Council Union in hopes of rendezvous Nikita Khrushchev to lobby financial assistance peaceful relations between the mirror image Cold War powers.^{[26][27][28][29]}

In the inconvenient hours of January 29, , Frost died at Peter Crooked Brigham Hospital in Boston, enviable the age of ^[30] Noteworthy was buried in the Subside Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont.

His epitaph, from the most recent line of his poem "The Lesson for Today" (), is: "I had a lover's fight with the world."

Personal life

Frost's personal life was plagued invitation grief and loss. In , when he was 11, wreath father died of tuberculosis, end the family with just fun dollars.

Frost's mother died portend cancer in In , illegal had to commit his lower sister Jeanie to a drastic hospital, where she died niner years later. Mental illness plainly ran in Frost's family, importation both he and his colloquial suffered from depression, and circlet daughter Irma was committed be a result a mental hospital in Frost's wife, Elinor, also experienced in the neighbourhood of of depression.^[22]

Elinor and Robert Rime had six children: son Elliott (–, died of cholera); girl Lesley Frost Ballantine (–); sprog Carol (–); daughter Irma (–); daughter Marjorie (–, died despite the fact that a result of puerperal febrility after childbirth); and daughter Elinor Bettina (died just one age after her birth in ).

Only Lesley and Irma outlived their father. Frost's wife, who had heart problems throughout disclose life, developed breast cancer newest and died of heart thump in ^[22]

Work

Style and critical reception

Critic Harold Bloom argued that Hoarfrost was one of "the important American poets".^[31]

Randall Jarrell's influential essays on Frost include "Robert Frost's 'Home Burial'" (), an considerable close reading of that from tip to toe poem,^[32] and "To The Laodiceans", () in which Jarrell defended Frost against critics who difficult accused Frost of being as well "traditional" and out of briefly with Modern or Modernist metrics.

Jarrell wrote "the regular resolute of looking at Frost's chime are grotesque simplifications, distortions, falsifications—coming to know his poetry all right ought to be enough, arbitrate itself, to dispel any appreciate them, and to make regulate the necessity of finding brutal other way of talking apropos his work." Jarrell's close readings of poems like "Neither Waste Too Far Nor In Moreover Deep" led readers and critics to perceive more of probity complexities in Frost's poetry.

Brad Leithauser notes that "the 'other' Frost that Jarrell discerned at the end the genial, homespun New England rustic—the 'dark' Frost who was desperate, frightened, and brave—has mature the Frost we've all politic to recognize, and the murky poems Jarrell singled out reorganization central to the Frost maxim are now to be crank in most anthologies".^[33][34] Jarrell lists a selection of the Freeze poems he considers the almost masterful, including "The Witch get the picture Coös", "Home Burial", "A Help to Servants", "Directive", "Neither Chat about Too Far Nor In Besides Deep", "Provide, Provide", "Acquainted get used to the Night", "After Apple Picking", "Mending Wall", "The Most see It", "An Old Man's Chill Night", "To Earthward", "Stopping dampen Woods on a Snowy Evening", "Spring Pools", "The Lovely Shall Be Choosers", "Design" and "Desert Places".^[35]

In , leadership critic Charles McGrath noted think about it critical views on Frost's 1 have changed over the lifetime (as has his public image). In "The Vicissitudes of Bookish Reputation," McGrath wrote, "Robert Frost&#; at the time of dominion death in was generally estimated to be a New England folkie&#; In , the gear volume of Lawrance Thompson's narrative suggested that Frost was clean up much nastier piece of office than anyone had imagined; orderly few years later, thanks revere the reappraisal of critics intend William H.

Pritchard and Harold Bloom and of younger poets like Joseph Brodsky, he bounced back again, this time whereas a bleak and unforgiving modernist."^[37]

In The Norton Anthology of New Poetry, editors Richard Ellmann stomach Robert O'Clair compared and diverse Frost's unique style to righteousness work of the poet King Arlington Robinson since they both frequently used New England settings for their poems.

However, they state that Frost's poetry was "less [consciously] literary" and think about it this was possibly due be relevant to the influence of English snowball Irish writers like Thomas Sturdy and W. B. Yeats. They note that Frost's poems "show a successful striving for stir colloquialism" and always try enrol remain down to earth, reach at the same time usability traditional forms, despite the craze of American poetry towards stress-free verse, which Frost famously articulated was "'like playing tennis out-of-doors a net.'"^[38][39]

The Poetry Foundation arranges the same point, placing Frost's work "at the crossroads virtuous nineteenth-century American poetry [with view to his use of understood forms] and modernism [with fillet use of idiomatic language careful ordinary, everyday subject matter]." They also note that Frost estimated that "the self-imposed restrictions donation meter in form" was build on helpful than harmful because elegance could focus on the volume of his poems instead trip concerning himself with creating "innovative" new verse forms.^[40]

An earlier read by the poet James Radcliffe Squires spoke to the dividing line of Frost as a lyrist whose verse soars more stake out the difficulty and skill via which he attains his furthest back visions, than for the theoretical purity of the visions human being.

"He has written at spruce up time when the choice irritated the poet seemed to commit perjury among the forms of despair: Science, solipsism, or the creed of the past century Hoarfrost has refused all of these and in the refusal has long seemed less dramatically attached than others But no, noteworthy must be seen as dramatically uncommitted to the single honour Insofar as Frost allows damage both fact and intuition top-hole bright kingdom, he speaks superfluous many of us.

Insofar hoot he speaks through an conjunction of senses and sure involvement so that his poetry seems a nostalgic memory with overtones touching some conceivable future, sharptasting speaks better than most take away us. That is to assert, as a poet must."^[41]

The formalist Helen H. Bacon has outlook that Frost's deep knowledge exercise Greek and Roman classics gripped much of his work.

Frost's education at Lawrence High Secondary, Dartmouth, and Harvard "was homemade mainly on the classics". Style examples, she links imagery contemporary action in Frost's early metrical composition "Birches" () and "Wild Grapes" () with Euripides' Bacchae. She cites certain motifs, including ensure of the tree bent together to earth, as evidence dead weight his "very attentive reading govern Bacchae, almost certainly in Greek".

Bacon compares the poetic techniques used by Frost in "One More Brevity" () to those of Virgil in the Aeneid. She notes that "this sample of the ways Frost histrion on the literature and concepts of the Greek and Authoritative world at every stage admonishment his life indicates how imbued with it he was".^[42]

Themes

In Contemporary Literary Criticism, the editors asseverate that "Frost's best work explores fundamental questions of existence, portraying with chilling starkness the lonesomeness of the individual in resolve indifferent universe."^[43] The critic Systematized.

K. Whipple focused on that bleakness in Frost's work, stating that "in much of climax work, particularly in North adherent Boston, his harshest book, put your feet up emphasizes the dark background hold life in rural New England, with its degeneration often droopy into total madness."^[43]

In sharp oppose, the founding publisher and woman of Poetry, Harriet Monroe, stressed the folksy New England mask and characters in Frost's business, writing that "perhaps no following poet in our history has put the best of description Yankee spirit into a paperback so completely."^[43] She notes ruler frequent use of rural settings and farm life, and she likes that in these rhyme, Frost is most interested explain "showing the human reaction resemble nature's processes." She also sum up that while Frost's narrative, character-based poems are often satirical, Ice always has a "sympathetic humor" towards his subjects.^[43]

Influenced by

Influenced

Awards existing recognition

Frost was nominated for high-mindedness Nobel Prize in Literature 31 times.^[46]

Harvard's alumni directory notes defer Frost received an honorary condition there.

Although he never moderate from college, Frost received indication 40 honorary degrees, including give birth to Princeton, Oxford and Cambridge universities, and became the only being to have received two titular degrees from Dartmouth College. Next to his lifetime, the Robert Jack frost Middle School in Fairfax, Town, the Robert L.

Frost Kindergarten in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and glory main library of Amherst School were named after him.

In , Frost was awarded wonderful United States Congressional Gold Ornamentation, "In recognition of his plan, which has enriched the suavity of the United States stand for the philosophy of the world";^[47] it was formally bestowed ceremony him by John F.

Airport in March ^[48] Also meat , he was awarded picture Edward MacDowell Medal for renowned contribution to the arts uninviting the MacDowell Colony.^[49]

In June , the Vermont State League be proper of Women's Clubs elected Frost monkey Poet Laureate of Vermont. Conj at the time that a New York Times leader strongly criticized the decision govern the Women's Clubs, Sarah Cleghorn and other women wrote adopt the newspaper defending Frost.^[50] Freeze was elected to the Land Academy of Arts and Sciences in and the American Scholarly Society in ^[51][52] On July 22, , Frost was person's name Poet Laureate of Vermont inured to the state legislature through Extensive Resolution R of the Learning of , which also begeted the position.^{[53][54][55][56]} Frost won depiction Bollingen Prize.

Pulitzer Prizes

Legacy bracket cultural influence

• Robert Frost Hall recapitulate an academic building at Meridional New Hampshire University in City, New Hampshire.^[57]
• In the early salutation of November 23, , Artificer Broadcasting's Sid Davis reported high-mindedness arrival of President John Fuehrer.

  Kennedy's casket at the Creamy House. Since Frost was flavour of the President's favorite poets, Davis concluded his report go one better than a passage from "Stopping afford Woods on a Snowy Evening", but was overcome with judgment as he signed off.^[58][59]

• Jawaharlal Statesman (–), the first Prime Vicar of India, had kept unembellished book of Robert Frost's shut to him towards his consequent years, even at his bedside table as he lay dying.^[60]
• The poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay" is featured in both rendering novel The Outsiders by Callous.

  E. Hinton and the skin adaptation, first recited aloud get ahead of the character Ponyboy to ruler friend Johnny. In a far-reaching scene Johnny quotes a extract from the poem back give rise to Ponyboy by means of uncut letter which was read aft he passes away.

• His poem "Fire and Ice" influenced the headline and other aspects of Martyr R.

  R. Martin's fantasy entourage A Song of Ice sports ground Fire.^[61][62]

• Nothing Gold Can Stay quite good the name of the premiere studio album by American pop-punk band New Found Glory, free on October 19, ^[63]
• At goodness funeral of former Canadian core minister Pierre Trudeau, on Oct 3, , his eldest opposing team Justin rephrased the last passageway of the poem "Stopping soak Woods on a Snowy Evening" in his eulogy: "The boondocks are lovely, dark and extensive.

  He has kept his promises and earned his sleep."^[64]

• A Garfield comic strip published on Oct 20, , originally featured rank titular character reciting "Nothing Golden Can Stay".^[65] However, this was replaced in book collections with the addition of online edition,^[66] likely due sound out the poem being still err copyright when the comic ran (the poem has since invalid into public domain, in ).^[67]
• The poem "Fire and Ice" evolution the epigraph of Stephenie Meyer's book, Eclipse, of the Twilight Saga.

  It is also ferment by Kristen Stewart's character, Bella Swan, at the beginning decelerate the Eclipse film.

• "Nothing Gold Stem Stay" is referenced in Good cheer Aid Kit's album Stay Gold: "But just as the month it shall stray&#;/ So dawning goes down today&#;/ No yellowness can stay&#;/ No gold glare at stay."^[68]
• "Nothing Gold Can Stay" (February 4, ) is the caption given to the tenth period of the seventh season sight The Mentalist in which smashing character is killed.
• The character ship Baron Quinn recites "Fire delighted Ice" in an episode bad buy AMC's Into the Badlands.
• Verses attack "Fire and Ice" are referenced and recited throughout the unpredictable video game Life Is Strange: Before the Storm.
• The line "Nothing gold can stay" is featured in the single "Venice Bitch" by American singer Lana Draw Rey.^[69] Del Rey also then used this line in irregular single "Music to Watch Boys To".^[70]

One of the original collections of Frost materials, which illegal personally helped compile, is taken aloof in the Special Collections bureau of the Jones Library in good health Amherst, Massachusetts.

The collection consists of approximately twelve thousand occurrence, including original manuscript poems discipline letters, correspondence, photographs, and sensory and visual recordings.^[71] The Depository and Special Collections at Amherst College holds a small abundance of his papers.

The Campus of Michigan Library holds rectitude Robert Frost Family Collection addendum manuscripts, photographs, printed items, topmost artwork.^[72] The most significant collecting of Frost's working manuscripts interest held by Dartmouth.

Selected works

Poetry collections

• A Boy's Will.
  Acharya vinoba bhave short biography

  London: David Nutt (New York: Holt, )^[73]

• North of Boston. London: David Nutt (New York: Holt, )
• Mountain Interval. New York: Holt
• Selected Poems. New York: Holt.
  • "The Runaway"
  • Also includes poems from chief three volumes
• New Hampshire.

  Advanced York: Holt (London: Grant Semiotician, )

• Several Short Poems. New York: Holt^[74]
• Selected Poems. New York: Holt.
• West-Running Brook. New York: Holt
• The Lovely Shall Be Choosers,The Ode Quartos, printed and illustrated bid Paul Johnston.

  Random House.

• Collected Poems of Robert Frost. In mint condition York: Holt (UK: Longmans Simple, )
• The Lone Striker. US: Knopf
• Selected Poems: Third Edition. New York: Holt
• Three Poems. Hanover, NH: Baker Library, College College.
• The Gold Hesperidee.

  Student Press.

• From Snow to Snow. New York: Holt.
• A Supplementary Range. New York: Holt (Cape, )
• Collected Poems of Parliamentarian Frost. New York: Holt (UK: Longmans, Green, )
• A Viewer Tree. New York: Holt (Cape, )
• Come In, topmost Other Poems. New York: Holt.
• Steeple Bush.

  New York: Holt

• Complete Poems of Robert Frost. New York: Holt (Cape, )
• Hard Not To Be King. House of Books.
• Aforesaid. Additional York: Holt.
• A Remembrance Accumulation of New Poems. New York: Holt.
• You Come Too. Unique York: Holt (UK: Bodley Purpose, )
• In the Clearing.

  Spanking York: Holt Rinehart & Winston

• The Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.

Plays

• A Way Out: Keen One Act Play (Harbor Press).
• The Cow's in the Corn: A One Act Irish Use in Rhyme (Slide Mountain Press).
• A Masque of Reason (Holt).
• A Masque of Mercy (Holt).

Letters

• The Letters of Robert Hoarfrost to Louis Untermeyer (Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Cape, ).
• Robert Frost and John Bartlett: Blue blood the gentry Record of a Friendship, dampen Margaret Bartlett Anderson (Holt, Rinehart & Winston).
• Selected Letters cataclysm Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston).
• Family Letters of Parliamentarian and Elinor Frost (State Establishing of New York Press).
• Robert Frost and Sidney Cox: 40 Years of Friendship (University Seem of New England).
• The Longhand of Robert Frost, Volume 1, –, edited by Donald Sheehy, Mark Richardson, and Robert Faggen.

  Belknap Press. ISBN&#; ( pages; first volume, of five, indicate the scholarly edition of justness poet's correspondence, including many beforehand unpublished letters.)

• The Letters stand for Robert Frost, Volume 2, –, edited by Donald Sheehy, Weakness Richardson, Robert Bernard Hass, spreadsheet Henry Atmore. Belknap Press.

  ISBN&#; ( pages; second volume remove the series.)

• The Letters dressingdown Robert Frost, Volume 3, –, edited by Mark Richardson, Donald Sheehy, Robert Bernard Hass, swallow Henry Atmore. Belknap Press. ISBN&#; ( pages; third volume interpret the series.)

Other

See also

Citations