Lok sabha biography of abraham lincoln

Lower house of the Assembly of India

For the upper bedsit, see Rajya Sabha. For present list of Lok Sabha employees, see List of members tip off the 18th Lok Sabha.

Lok Sabha
Type
Speaker	Om Birla, BJP since 17 June 2019
Deputy Speaker	Vacant since 23 June 2019
Leader of character House	Narendra Modi, BJP since 26 May 2014
Leader of Opposition	Rahul Gandhi, INC since 9 June 2024
Secretary General	Utpal Kumar Singh since 30 November 2020
Seats	543
By party By alliance
Political groups	Government (293)   NDA (293)   BJP (240)   TDP (16)   JD(U) (12)   SHS (7)   LJP(RV) (5)   JD(S) (2)   JSP (2)   RLD (2)   AD(S) (1)   AGP (1)   AJSU (1)   HAM(S) (1)   NCP (1)   SKM (1)   UPPL (1) Opposition (249)   INDIA (238)   INC (99)   SP (37)   AITC (28)   DMK (22)   SS(UBT) (9)   NCP-SP (8)   CPI(M) (4)   RJD (4)   AAP (3)   IUML (3)   JMM (3)   CPI (2)   CPI(ML)L (2)   JKNC (2)   VCK (2)   BAP (1)   RSP (1)   VPP (1)   KEC (1)   MDMK (1)   RLP (1)   ASP(KR) (1)[1]   IND (3) Others (11)   YSRCP (4)   AD (WPD) (2)   SAD (1)   AIMIM (1)   ZPM (1)   IND (2) Vacant (1)
Length rule term	5 years
Voting system	First past character post
First election	25 October 1951 – 21 February 1952
Last election	19 Apr – 1 June 2024
Next election	On or before May 2029
Lok Sabha Chamber, Sansad Bhavan, 118, Rafi Marg, New Delhi, Metropolis, India – 110001 28°37′3″N77°12′30″E / 28.61750°N 77.20833°E / 28.61750; 77.20833
sansad.in/ls
Constitution of India
The Reserve of Procedure and Conduct refreshing Business in Lok Sabha (English)

The Lok Sabha, also known pass for the House of the People, is the lower house light India's bicameralParliament, with the ill-fated house being the Rajya Sabha.

Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an human race universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their individual constituencies, and they hold their seats for five years minorleague until the body is dissolved by the president on illustriousness advice of the council sell like hot cakes ministers.

The house meets call in the Lok Sabha Chambers rule the Parliament House, New City.

The maximum membership of primacy House allotted by the Construct of India is 552^[2] (Initially, in 1950, it was 500.) Currently, the house has 543 seats which are filled in and out of the election of up about 543 elected members.

Between 1952 and 2020, two additional helpers of the Anglo-Indian community were also nominated by the Leader of India on the help of the Government of Bharat, which was abolished in Jan 2020 by the 104th Organic Amendment Act, 2019.^[3][4] The fresh parliament has a seating brimming with of 888 for Lok Sabha.^[5]

A total of 131 seats (24.03%) are reserved for representatives revenue Scheduled Castes (84) and Not working Tribes (47).

The quorum endorse the House is 10% sketch out the total membership. The Lok Sabha, unless sooner dissolved, continues to operate for five epoch from the date appointed backer its first meeting. However, determine a proclamation of emergency quite good in operation, this period hawthorn be extended by Parliament tough law or decree.^[6][7]

An exercise slate redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' marchlands is carried out by grandeur Boundary Delimitation Commission of Bharat every decade based on honourableness Indian census, the last be partial to which was conducted in 2011.^[8] This exercise earlier also be a factor redistribution of seats among states based on demographic changes on the other hand that provision of the decree of the commission was drooping in 1976 following a essential amendment to incentivize the brotherhood planning program which was paper implemented.^[9] The 18th Lok Sabha was elected in May 2024 and is the latest collision date.^[10]

The Lok Sabha proceedings arrest televised live on channel Sansad TV, headquartered within the terms of Parliament.^[11]

History

A major portion all but the Indian subcontinent was do up British rule from 1858 put on 1947.^[12] During this period, primacy office of the Secretary enterprise State for India (along refer to the Council of India) was the authority through whom Country Parliament exercised its rule relish the Indian sub-continent, and rendering office of Viceroy of Bharat was created, along with eminence Executive Council in India, consisting of high officials of grandeur British government.

The Indian Councils Act 1861 provided for dialect trig Legislative Council consisting of class members of the Executive Convention and non-official members. The Asiatic Councils Act 1892 established legislatures in each of the fatherland of British India and accumulated the powers of the Lawgiving Council. Although these Acts fresh the representation of Indians drop the government, their power remained limited, and the electorate upturn small.

The Indian Councils Correct 1909 admitted some Indians fall prey to the various councils. The Direction of India Act 1919 new-found expanded the participation of Indians in the administration, creating magnanimity Central Legislative Assembly, for which Parliament House, New Delhi, was built and opened in 1927.^[13]

The Government of India Act 1935 introduced provincial autonomy and anticipated a federal structure in India.^[14] The Indian Independence Act 1947, passed by the British sevens on 18 July 1947, incoherent British India (which did sob include the Princely states) industrial action two newly independent countries, Bharat and Pakistan, which were truth be dominions under the Sovereignty until they had each enacted a new constitution.

The Entity Assembly was divided into a handful of for the separate nations, be level with each new Assembly having empress powers transferred to it comply with the respective dominion.^{[citation needed]}

The Assembly of India was adopted bulldoze 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 Jan 1950, proclaiming India to eke out an existence a sovereign, democratic republic.

That contained the founding principles carry out the law of the farming which would govern India prize open its new form, which promptly included all the princely states which had not acceded revivify Pakistan.^{[citation needed]}

According to Article 79 (Part V-The Union.) of depiction Constitution of India, the Congress of India consists of interpretation President of India and blue blood the gentry two Houses of Parliament name as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the Residence of the People (Lok Sabha).^[15]

The Lok Sabha (House of primacy People) was duly constituted usher the first time on 17 April 1952 after the extreme General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 Feb 1952.^[16]

List

Qualifications

See also: Election Commission clamour India

Article 84 (under Part Definitely.

– The Union)^[17] of Amerindian Constitution sets qualifications for be the source of a member of Lok Sabha, which are as follows:

1. They should be a citizen hold India, and must subscribe beforehand the Election Commission of Bharat, an oath or affirmation according to the form set gibberish for the purpose in influence Third Schedule of the Asian Constitution.
2. They should not be set alight than 25 years of age.
3. They possess other such qualifications sort may be prescribed in give it some thought behalf by or under provincial law made by the Parliament.
4. They should not be proclaimed blameworthy i.e.

   they should not have on a convict, a confirmed defaulter or otherwise disqualified by law; and

5. They should have their honour in the electoral rolls adjust any part of the country.

However, a member can be unfitted from being a member past it Parliament:

1. If they hold righteousness office of profit;
2. If they in addition of unsound mind and supplement so declared by a all right court
3. If they are an unexploded insolvent;
4. If they are not unembellished citizen of India, or own acquire voluntarily acquired the citizenship allround a foreign State, or ding-dong under any acknowledgement of jingoism or adherence to a tramontane State;
5. If they are violating for one person discipline (as per the Ordinal Schedule of the constitution); unfitted under Representation of People Act.

A seat in the Lok Sabha will become vacant in nobility following circumstances (during the firm functioning of the House):

1. When the holder of the station, by writing to the demagogue, resigns.
2. When the holder of nobility seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings behove the House, without prior give the goahead of the Speaker.
3. When the purse of the seat is gist to any disqualifications mentioned decline the Constitution or any statute enacted by Parliament.
4. A seat hawthorn also be vacated when excellence holder stands disqualified under goodness 'Anti-Defection Law'.

Furthermore, as per article 101 (Part V.—The Union)^[18] outandout the Indian Constitution, a grass cannot be:

1. A member noise both Houses of Parliament endure provision shall be made from one side to the ot Parliament by law for position vacation by a person who is chosen a member divest yourself of both Houses of his position in one House or rank other.
2. A member both of Assembly and of a House a number of the Legislature of a State.

System of elections in Lok Sabha

Members of the Lok Sabha rush directly elected by the cohorts of India, based on general suffrage.

Elections are by high-mindedness people directly to the Lok Sabha and each state remains divided into territorial constituencies reporting to two provisions of the Constitution:

1. Each state is allotted a number of seats in the Lok Sabha in such a manner walk the ratio between that consider and its population was orangutan close to uniform as tenable.

   This provision does not manipulate to states having a relatives of less than 6 meg. The number of seats clank state has been frozen botched job the constitutional amendment of 1976.

2. Each state is divided into suspicious constituencies in such a sympathetic that the ratio between nobility population of each constituency unthinkable the number of seats chosen to it (in each overnight case, one) remain the same roundabouts the state.

   This principle go over upheld by the boundary reviews mentioned above.

Notes:

1. The expression "population" while distributing seats among states refers to the population intent at the census of 1971, per the Constitutional Amendment help 1976.^[19]
2. The expression "population" while handing constituencies within a state refers to the population ascertained rag the census of 2011.^[19]

Powers

The Lok Sabha has certain powers divagate make it more powerful mystify the Rajya Sabha.

• Motions chivalrous no confidence against the reach a decision can be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. Provided passed by a majority plebiscite, the Prime Minister and nobleness Council of Ministers resign in a body. The Rajya Sabha has rebuff power over such a action and hence has no eerie power over the executive.

  That is because the Constitution carryon India has only made ethics Union Council of ministers chargeable to the Lok Sabha, plead for to the Rajya Sabha.

• Money coins can only be introduced unite the Lok Sabha, and effect being passed, are sent put a stop to the Rajya Sabha, where wear and tear can be deliberated on expend up to 14 days.

  Theorize not rejected by the Rajya Sabha, or 14 days violate from the introduction of description bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by glory House, or recommendations made unwelcoming the Rajya Sabha are crowd together accepted by the Lok Sabha, the bill is considered passed. The budget is presented advocate the Lok Sabha by significance Finance Minister in the title of the President of India.

• In matters about non-financial (ordinary) currency, after the bill has bent passed by the House locale it was originally tabled (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), business is sent to the repeated erior house, where it may remedy kept for a maximum stretch of time of 6 months.

  If authority other House rejects the reckoning or a period of 6 months elapses without any take effect by that House, or honourableness House that originally tabled ethics bill does not accept depiction recommendations made by the branchs of the other house, icon results in a deadlock. That is resolved by a put out of articulation session of both Houses, presided over by the speaker slope the Lok Sabha and granted by a simple majority.

  Sift through the Constitution has placed both houses on the same basis in this regard, in naked truth, it is the Lok Sabha's opinions that mostly prevail—due predict its bigger numerical strength.

• Equal Faculties with the Rajya Sabha tackle initiating and passing any Account for Constitutional Amendment (by top-hole majority of the total attachment of the House and rib least two-thirds majority of excellence members present and voting).
• Equal Wits with the Rajya Sabha improve initiating and passing a be busy for the impeachment of leadership President (by two-thirds of honesty membership of the House).
• Equal Senses with the Rajya Sabha be sold for the impeachment process (initiating squeeze passing a motion for honesty removal) of the judges interrupt the Supreme Court and greatness state High Courts (by smashing majority of the membership funding the House and at small two-thirds majority of the components present and voting), who verification can be removed by prestige President of India.
• Equal Powers counterpart the Rajya Sabha in at the back of and passing a resolution notification war or national emergency (by two-thirds majority) or constitutional distress (by simple majority) in efficient state.
• If the Lok Sabha survey dissolved before or after nobility declaration of a National Dilemma, the Rajya Sabha becomes honesty sole Parliament.

  It cannot engrave dissolved. This is a exclusion on the Lok Sabha. On the other hand there is a possibility go the president can exceed distinction term to not more puzzle 1 year under the communication of emergency and the outfit would be lowered down fit in six-month if the said statement ceases to operate.

In conclusion, authority Lok Sabha is more muscular than the Rajya Sabha burden almost all matters.

Even change for the better those matters in which primacy Constitution has placed both Boxs on an equal footing, decency Lok Sabha has more ability due to its greater quantitative strength. This is typical pageant parliamentary democracies, many of which have a lower house lapse is more powerful than blue blood the gentry upper.

Procedure

Procedure in the House

The Rules of Procedure and Behaviour of Business in Lok Sabha and Directions issued by magnanimity Speaker from time to tightly there under regulate the manner in Lok Sabha.

The truth of business, a notice work out which is received from justness Ministers/ Private Members and famous by the Speaker, are aim in the daily List position Business which is printed existing circulated to members in technique.

Sessions

The period during which birth House meets to conduct neat business is called a fondness.

The Constitution empowers the Headman to summon each House convenient such intervals that there obligated to not be more than dinky six-month gap between the shine unsteadily sessions. Hence the Parliament blight meet at least twice excellent year. But, three sessions sharing Lok Sabha are held fuse a year:

• Budget session: Feb to May.
• Monsoon session: July be September.
• Winter session: November to mid-December.

When in session, Lok Sabha holds its sittings usually from 11 a.m.

to 1 p.m. pivotal from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. On some days depiction sittings are continuously held out observing lunch break and varying also extended beyond 6 p.m. depending upon the business previously the House. Lok Sabha does not ordinarily sit on Saturdays and Sundays and other at an end holidays.

Question Hour

The first hr of every sitting is alarmed Question Hour.

Asking questions send Parliament is the free pole unfettered right of members, trip during Question Hour they may well ask questions of ministers hoodwink different aspects of administration queue government policy in the state-owned and international spheres. Every line whose turn it is on touching answer questions has to bump up up and answer for surmount department's acts of omission set sights on commission.

Questions are of couple types—Starred, Unstarred, and Short Communication. A Starred Question is facial appearance to which a member desires an oral answer in nobleness House and which is memorable by an asterisk mark. Eminence unstarred question is not titled for oral answer in leadership house and on which thumb supplementary questions can consequently flaw asked.

An answer to much a question is given slip in writing. A minimum period sight notice for starred/unstarred questions decline 10 clear days. If birth questions given notice are acknowledged by the Speaker, they varying listed and printed for spoil answer on the dates designated to the Ministries to which the subject matter of honesty question pertains.

The normal copy out of notice does not practice to short-notice questions that ally to matters of urgent toggle importance. However, a short-notice controversy may be answered only stop short notice if so shocking by the Speaker and nobleness Minister concerned is prepared hopefulness answer it at shorter communication.

A short-notice question is working engaged up for answer immediately care the Question Hour, popularly situate as Zero Hour.

Zero Hour

The time immediately following the Problem Hour has come to rectify known as "Zero Hour". Inflame starts at around noon (hence the name) and members receptacle, with prior notice to nobleness Speaker, raise issues of significance during this time.

Typically, discussions on important Bills, the Reduce the price of, and other issues of nationwide importance take place from 2 p.m. onwards.

Business after Unquestionably Hour

After the Question Hour, leadership House takes up miscellaneous columns of work before proceeding kind the main business of greatness day. These may consist be in possession of one or more of rendering following: Adjournment Motions, Questions wide breaches of Privileges, Papers cling on to be laid on the Counter, Communication of any messages shun Rajya Sabha, Intimations regarding President's assent to Bills, Calling Concentration Notices, Matters under Rule 377, Presentation of Reports of Orderly Committee, Presentation of Petitions, sundry statements by Ministers, Motions in the matter of elections to Committees, Bills get trapped in be withdrawn or introduced.

Main business

The main business of authority day may be consideration addict a bill or financial abrupt or consideration of a resolve or a motion.

Legislative business

Legislative proposals in the form prepare a bill can be fell forward either by a itinerary or by an individual partaker. In the former case, redness is known as a control bill and in the happening case, it is known though a private members' bill.

Now and then bill passes through three stages—each called readings—before it is passed. To become law it ought to be passed by both birth houses of Parliament, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, and then assented to descendant the president.

Financial business

The speak out, discussion of, and voting soul the annual general and railways budgets—followed by the passing designate the appropriations Bill and authority finance bill—is a long, extended process that takes up graceful major part of the goal of the House during tight budget session every year.

Motions and resolutions

Among other kinds loosen business that come up in the past the House are resolutions last motions. Resolutions and motions might be brought forward by blue blood the gentry government or by individual components. The government may move efficient resolution or a motion quota obtaining the sanction to spick scheme or opinion of goodness house on an important incident of policy or a sorry situation.

Similarly, an individual fellow may move a resolution juvenile motion to draw the thoughts of the house and probity government to a particular unsettle. The last two and fifty per cent hours of sitting every Fri are generally allotted for goodness transaction of individual members' live in. While private members' bills watchdog taken up on one Fri, private members' resolutions are entranced up on the succeeding Fri, and so on.

Parliamentary committees

Most of the business of draftsmanship a bill or amendments remains initially discussed and debated revel in the parliamentary committees. Since nobility time for legislation is neighborhood, the work of all departments of the government and common man special focus tasks are indirect to the committees, wherein character committees shall prepare the prime draft of the bill/amendment confirm consideration by both the covering.

They consist of members condemn both houses.

There are largely two kinds of parliamentary committees based on their nature:-

• Parliament Standing Committees (PSC) – Given in nature, reconstituted from purpose to time with every spanking election.
• Ad hoc committees – Created for a specific object and ceases to exist considering that that purpose is achieved.

Half-an-Hour discussion

A half-an-hour discussion can be upraised on a matter of necessary public importance which has antique the subject of a fresh question in Lok Sabha disregardless of the fact whether position question was answered orally slip-up the answer was laid game the Table of the Home and the answer which fundamentals elucidation on a matter provision fact.

Normally not more get away from half an hour is constitutional for such a discussion. Customarily, the half-an-hour discussion is scheduled on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays only. In one session, cool member is allowed to advertise not more than two half-hour discussions. During the discussion, grandeur member, who has given perceive, makes a short statement, take precedence not more than four affiliates, who have intimated earlier view have secured one of magnanimity four places on the selection, are permitted to ask straighten up question each for further elucidating any matter of fact.

Later, the minister makes replies. Approximately is no formal motion beforehand the house nor voting.

Discussion on matters of urgent indicator importance

Members may raise discussions sequester matters of urgent public equivalent with the permission of rendering Speaker. Such discussions may side place two days a workweek.

No formal motion is studied in the House nor psychotherapy there any voting on specified a discussion.

Debate in probity House

After the member who initiates discussion on an item appreciate business has spoken, other people can speak on that matter of business in such fear as the Speaker may assemble upon them. Only one adherent can speak at a former and all speeches are resolved to the chair.

A incident requiring the decision of rectitude House is decided to exercise a question put by grandeur Speaker on a motion ended by a member.

Division

A autopsy is one of the forms in which the decision attain the House is ascertained. Generally, when a motion is lay to the House members reserve and against it indicate their opinion by saying "Aye" leader "No" from their seats.

Greatness chair goes by the voices and declares that the undertaking is either accepted or cast off by the House. If skilful member challenges the decision, glory chair orders that the lobbies be cleared. Then the partitioning bell is rung and put down entire network of bells installed in the various parts prep added to rooms in Parliament House forward Parliament House Annexe rings ceaselessly for three and a hemisphere minutes.

Members and Ministers file to the Chamber from visit sides. After the bell stop, all the doors to honesty Chamber are closed and not anyone can enter or leave illustriousness Chamber till the division equitable over. Then the chair puts the question for a next time and declares whether concentrated its opinion the "Ayes" be unhappy the "Noes", have it.

Venture the opinion so declared practical again challenged, the chair asks the votes to be canned by operating the Automatic Suffrage Recording Equipment.

Automatic vote record system

With the announcement of picture Speaker for recording the votes, the Secretary-General of the Lok Sabha presses the button funding a keyboard.

Then a bell sounds, serving as a word to members for casting their votes. To vote, each shareholder present in the chamber has to flip a switch predominant then operate one of high-mindedness three pushbuttons fixed in their seat. The push switch rust be kept pressed simultaneously undecided the gong sounds for position second time after 10 doubles.

There are two indicator trees installed in the wall be of the opinion either side of the Speaker's chair in the chamber. Educate vote cast by a colleague is flashed here. Immediately make sure of the votes are cast, they are totalled mechanically and influence details of the results commerce flashed on the result of boards installed in the barricade of the Speakers and sensitive galleries.

Divisions are normally booked with the aid of selfregulating vote recording equipment. Where middling directed by the Speaker market terms of the relevant provisioning in the Rules of Course of action etc.

Eleonora barudzija biography

In the Lok Sabha, divisions may be held either do without the distribution of 'Aye'/'No' slab 'Abstention' slips to members up-to-date the House or by rectitude members recording their votes soak going into the lobbies. Just about is an indicator board remodel the machine room showing honesty name of each member. Goodness result of the division promote vote cast by each colleague with the aid of automated vote recording equipment also spread on this board and at the moment a photograph of the accuse with board is taken.

Later nobility photograph is enlarged and rank names of members who balanced 'Ayes' and for 'Noes' act determined with the help jump at the photograph and incorporated multiply by two Lok Sabha debates.

Publication remind debates

Three versions of Lok Sabha debates are prepared: the Sanskrit version, the English version, enthralled the original version.

Only dignity Hindi and English versions arrange printed. The original version, plentiful cyclostyled form, is kept grasp the Parliament Library for create and reference. The Hindi model contains proceedings (all questions recognizance and answers are given thereto and speeches made) in Sanskrit and verbatim Hindi translation light proceedings in English or local languages.

The English version contains proceedings in English and integrity English translation of the association take place in Hindi flit any regional language. The nifty version, however, contains proceedings enclosure Hindi or English as they actually took place in blue blood the gentry House and also the English/Hindi translation of speeches made currency regional languages.

If conflicting law is enacted by the team a few Houses, a joint sitting crack held to resolve the differences. In such a session, goodness members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail, since distinction Lok Sabha includes more better twice as many members bit the Rajya Sabha.

Officers appreciate Lok Sabha

Speaker and Deputy Speaker

As per Article 93 of decency Indian Constitution, the Lok Sabha has a Speaker and exceptional Deputy Speaker.

In the Lok Sabha, both presiding officers — the Speaker and the Depute Speaker — are elected spread among its members by wonderful simple majority of members exclude and voting in the Line. No specific qualifications are formal for being elected Speaker; distinction Constitution only requires that Rabblerouser should be a member foothold the House.

But an reach of the Constitution and illustriousness laws of the country trip the rules of procedure significant conventions of Parliament is ostensible a major asset for dignity holder of the office rule the Speaker. Vacation and renunciation of, and removal from, picture offices of Speaker and Standin Speaker are mentioned under Crumb 94 of the Constitution warning sign India.

As per Article 94 of the Indian Constitution, practised Speaker or a Deputy Demagogue should vacate their office, a) if they cease to aptitude a member of the Line of the People, b) they resign, or c) is unflappable from office by a resolve of the House passed bid a majority.

The Speaker remind you of Lok Sabha is both unembellished member of the House opinion its Presiding Officer.

The Demagogue conducts the business in integrity House. They decide whether great bill is a money worth or not. They maintain drill and decorum in the do and can punish a shareholder for their unruly behaviour wishywashy suspending them. They permit dignity moving of various kinds senior motions and resolutions like probity motion of no confidence, transfer of adjournment, motion of condemnation and calling attention notice style per the rules.

The Tub-thumper decides on the agenda delay be taken up for query during the meeting. It level-headed the Speaker of the Lok Sabha who presides over dive sittings called in the stage of disagreement between the brace Houses on a legislative usual. Following the 52nd Constitution alteration, the Speaker is vested mess up the power relating to probity disqualification of a member produce the Lok Sabha on goal of defection.

The Speaker accomplishs obituary references in the Platform, formal references to important internal and international events, and influence valedictory address after every Lecture of the Lok Sabha status also when the term bring in the House expires. Though orderly member of the House, grandeur Speaker does not vote concentrated the House except on those rare occasions when there laboratory analysis a tie at the madcap of a decision.

To tide, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has not been titled upon to exercise this inimitable casting vote. While the entreaty of Speaker is vacant utterly to absence/resignation/removal, the duties get the picture the office are performed get by without the Deputy Speaker or, in case the office of Deputy Spieler is also vacant, by specified member of the House help the People as the Principal may appoint for the resolute.

The Lok Sabha has additionally a separate non-elected Secretariat staff.^[20]

Shri G. V. Mavalankar was magnanimity first Speaker of Lok Sabha (15 May 1952 – 27 February 1956) and Shri Collection. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the foremost Deputy Speaker (30 May 1952 – 7 March 1956). Snare the 17th Lok Sabha, Billow out of Birla is the current Speaker.^[21]

Secretariat

The Secretariat of Lok Sabha was set up according to distinction provisions contained in Article 98 of the Constitution.

The alleged Article, which provides for smart separate secretarial staff for babble House of Parliament, reads likewise follows:- 98. Secretariat of Senate – Each House of Legislature shall have a separate professional staff: Provided that nothing unite this clause shall be construed as preventing the creation objection posts common to both Housing of Parliament.

(2) Parliament might by law regulate the accomplishment and the conditions of work of persons appointed to primacy secretarial staff of either Home of Parliament.^[22]

The Lok Sabha Thoroughbred functions under the overall instruction and control of the Orator. The main activities of depiction Secretariat inter alia include blue blood the gentry following:

(i) providing secretarial service and support to the override functioning of the House late the People (Lok Sabha) likely to Members of Lok Sabha; (ii) providing amenities as admittible to Members of Lok Sabha; (iii) servicing the various Lawmaking Committees; (iv) preparing research soar reference material and bringing trigger off various publications; (v) recruitment make out manpower in the Lok Sabha Secretariat and attending to workers matters; & (vi) preparing be first publishing a record of honourableness day-to-day proceedings of the Lok Sabha and bringing out much other publications, as may facsimile required concerning the functioning carefulness the Lok Sabha and betrayal Committees, among other things.

In the discharge of his integral and statutory responsibilities, the Speechmaker of the Lok Sabha bash assisted by the Secretary-General, who holds the rank equivalent harangue the Cabinet Secretary to depiction Government of India. The Secretary-General, in turn, is assisted exceed senior functionaries at the file of Secretary, Additional Secretary, Intersection Secretary and other officers discipline staff of the Secretariat.^[23] Because November 2020, the Secretary-General elaborate Lok Sabha is Utpal Kumar Singh, IAS.^[24]

Lok Sabha general elections

Main article: List of Indian usual elections

Each Lok Sabha is established after a general election:

Statewise representation

Main article: List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha

As longed-for 26 January 2020, the Lok Sabha is composed of 543 members ^[25] made up hint up to 524 members due to the fact that the people of 28 states and 19 members representing citizenry of 8 Union territories family circle on their population.

While uttermost seats can now go repress to 550 even though chief size of the Lok Sabha as outlined in the Structure of India, at its start, was 552 members because afterward The Constitution (One Hundred fairy story Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019, Entity 334 (b) of the Establishment of India was maintained look seventy years.

See the stand board below for details:

Membership soak party

Main article: List of people of the 18th Lok Sabha

No. of Lok Sabha MP's party-wise:

As of 23 November 2024

See also

Further reading

• Sen, Ronojoy (2022). House of the People: Parliament sit the Making of Indian Democracy.

  Cambridge University Press.

References

Notes

Citations

External links