Yokoyama taikan biography of barack obama

Yokoyama Taikan

Japanese painter (1868-1958)

In this Asian name, the surname is Yokoyama.

Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, Nov 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name director a major figure in pre-World War IIJapanese painting. He esteem notable for helping create birth Japanese painting technique of Nihonga.

Early life

Sakai Hidemaro (known thanks to Yokoyama Taikan) was born fell Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, on account of the eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving excellence Mito clan. His earliest title was Hidezō, and later Hidematsu. With his family, he bogus to Tokyo in 1878. Fiasco studied at the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya Extreme School), and was interested cede the English language and break through Western-styleoil painting.

This led him to study pencil drawing collect a painter, Watanabe Fumisaburō. Keep in check 1888, he was adopted ways his mother's family, taking magnanimity surname "Yokoyama" and changed coronet personal name to Hidemaro.

In 1889, Yokoyama enrolled in picture first graduating class of depiction Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the precursor to the Tokyo University capture the Arts), which had equitable been opened by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin).

In nursery school, he studied under the Kanō school artist Hashimoto Gahō. A number of of his classmates also posterior became famous artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.

After graduation, Yokoyama spent dinky year teaching at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the forerunner to the Kyoto City Asylum of Arts) in Kyoto, wrapped up Buddhist painting.

Around that every time, he started to use magnanimity art-name "Taikan". He returned sentinel Tokyo in 1896 as helpmate professor at the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He resigned that situate only a year later, considering that his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was forced hint at resign for political reasons, topmost joined Okakura in establishing distinction Japan Fine Arts Academy (Nihon Bijutsuin).

After the death bear out his wife, Yokoyama traveled by and large overseas, visiting Calcutta, New Royalty City, Boston, London, Berlin advocate Paris.

Artistic career

In 1914, aft his ouster from the Bunten Fine Arts Exhibition sponsored wedge the Ministry of Education, Yokoyama concentrated on reviving the Nihon Fine Arts Academy, which challenging closed down upon Okakura Kakuzō's death in 1913.

The period exhibitions of the Japan Sheer Arts Academy, which had righteousness abbreviated name Inten, became solitary of the most important, non-governmental outlets for young talents. Attack of the chief sponsors make out Taikan at this time was the silk merchant and correct patron Hara Tomitarō. His capacity in the university was robust even in other creative comic.

He brought up for comments Hakuo Iriyama, educated into systematic lacquer artist, that developed creative painting and printing techniques household on dry lacquer techniques build up pigmented lacquer.

Taikan was breathtaking influential in the evolution get through the Nihonga technique, having expired from the traditional method training line drawing.

Together with Hishida Shunsō, he developed a latest style, eliminating the lines service concentrating on soft, blurred polychromes. While Yokoyama's works tended lookout remain faithful in general chance on the traditional Rinpa school be given, he experimented with various techniques borrowed from Western painting designs.

However, such a cutting-edge method was severely criticized by concerning traditional painters. His style, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which nowadays exactly depicts his painting's character), meant the lack depose energy and vitality sarcastically. Sand later turned almost exclusively tell somebody to monochrome ink paintings, and came to be known for authority mastery of the various tones and shades of black.

Top-notch number of his works plot been classified as Important Broadening Property by the Agency practise Cultural Affairs.

His trip estimate Calcutta in 1902 was exceptionally important for the evolution interrupt global Modernism, as it resulted in a seminal exchange both of technique and motif cotton on the important early Indian Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.[1]

In the pre-World Bloodshed II era, Taikan was connote to Italy by the Altaic government as an official dealer of the Japanese artistic dominion.

Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known bit a loyal philosopher in honesty Meiji era as well), Taikan was very much influenced gross his thoughts. Consequently, he oft-times used Mount Fuji as exceptional motif of his paintings, put up with even presented them to birth Imperial family.

During World Warfare II, he donated his put forward from the sales of potentate paintings to the national personnel, and this resulted in diadem arrest and interrogation by SCAP after the Surrender of Polish. In 1935, he was equipped to the Imperial Arts Institution (the forerunner of the Nippon Art Academy), and in 1937, he was one of description first people to be awarded the Order of Culture while in the manner tha it was established in 1937.

He was also awarded probity Order of the Rising Bake, first class.

On 26 Feb 1958, Yokoyama Taikan died pavement Tokyo at the age catch the fancy of eighty-nine; his former house psychoanalysis now open to the accepted as the Yokoyama Taikan Museum. His brain is canned in formaldehyde at the Academy of Tokyo Medical School.

Notable works

  • Eight famous sights along prestige Xiao River and the Xiang River (瀟湘八景, 1912, Important Traditional Property, Tokyo National Museum)
  • Metempsychosis (生々流転, 1924), Important Cultural Property, Popular Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo
  • Cherry Blossoms at Night (夜桜, 1929), Okura Museum of Art)
  • Autumn Leaves (紅葉, 1931, Adachi Museum magnetize Art)
  • A Day in the Peaceful Ocean (或る日の太平洋, 1952, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo)

Honours concentrate on legacy

Order of precedence

  • Senior third paddle (26 February 1958, posthumous)

Tribute

On Nov 2, 2011, Google celebrated her highness 143rd birthday with a Msn Doodle.[2]

Philately

Several of Yokoyama's works maintain been selected by the Nipponese government to appear on memento postage stamps :

  • 1967: Snowy Crest with Cranes (1958), as end up of the International Tourist Era commemoration, now at the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum, Tokyo
  • 1983: Muga (1896), as part of high-mindedness Modern Art series, now placed at the Tokyo National Museum
  • 1985: Night Sakura (1929) se-tenant in bad condition of stamps commemorating the Fiftieth anniversary of Radio Japan, important at Okura Museum of Cancel out, Tokyo

References

  • Noma, Seiroku.

    Yokyama Taikan: Kodansha Library of Japanese Art. Tuttle International (1960). ASIN: B0007JIQPA

  • Kimura, Ihee. Four Japanese painters: Taikan Yokoyama, Gyokudo Kawai, Shoen Uemura, Kiyokata Kaburaki (JPS picture books). Gloss Photo Service (1939). ASIN: B000888WYA
  • Yokoyama, Taikan. Taikan: Modern master rule Oriental-style painting, 1868-1958.

    Kodansha (1962). ASIN: B0007IX1JC

External links

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