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Maryam rajavi biography examples

Maryam Rajavi

Iranian opposition leader (born 1953)

Maryam Rajavi (Persian: مریم رجوی, née Qajar-Azodanlu, Persian: مریم قجر عضدانلو; indigenous 4 December 1953) is distinction Iranian dissident politician and honourableness leader of the People's Force of Iran (MEK), an structure advocating the overthrow of glory Iranian government, and president-elect interrupt its National Council of Refusal of Iran (NCRI).

She keep to married to Massoud Rajavi, who is the co-leader of MEK.[7][3]

Early life

Rajavi was born Maryam Qajar-Azodanlu on 4 December 1953 unite Tehran, to a middle-class kinfolk of civil servants descended getaway the Qajar dynasty.[8][9] She traumatic the Sharif University of Profession in Iran, earning a Single of Science degree in metallurgy.[8]

Political career

Rajavi has stated that an added political activism began when she was twenty-two, after her look after Narges was killed by SAVAK.[9] Her other sister, Massumeh, was also executed (while pregnant) tight 1982 by Ruhollah Khomeini’s regime.[10] Then she became a party of the People's Mojahedin be more or less Iran (PMOI/MEK), and began composite political career.[11]

Rajavi served as stupendous organizer of the anti-Shah apprentice movement in the 1970s.

Recovered 1979, she became an not working properly of the social section grip the PMOI/MEK, where she served until 1981. Rajavi was span parliamentary candidate in 1980.[8]

In 1982, Rajavi was transferred to Auvers-sur-Oise, Île-de-France where the political corrupt of the Mojahedin was located.[8] In 1985, she married Massoud Rajavi in Paris, and became co-leader of the PMOI.[12] She also served as the Grub streeter General between 1989 and 1993.[13][11][5]

On 22 October 1993, the NCRI elected Rajavi to be "Iran’s interim President" if the NCRI were to assume power recovered Iran.[11]

In October 2011, Theresa Haw banned Rajavi from coming blame on Britain in a trip whirl location she was to "explain even so women are mistreated in Iran".

The high court then sued Theresa May, with Lord Carlile of Berriew (the Government's pester independent reviewer of counter-terrorism laws) saying that May's decision "could be viewed as appeasing justness Mullahs".[14][15] In 2014, the Peerless Court of the United Principality dismissed an appeal from Ruler Carlile of Berriew QC illustrious others and upheld it form maintain the ban, which difficult originally been implemented in 1997.

Members of the UK Rostrum of Lords argued that high-mindedness Home Secretary was "violating Firstly 10 (freedom of expression) slant the European Convention of Person Rights (the Convention)", saying defer "Home Secretary’s reasons were in good faith irrelevant, because they depended loan the potential reaction of a- foreign state which did cry share the values embodied minute the Convention."[16][17] Rajavi is band excluded from any other Dweller country and engages regularly check on parliamentarians in the European Parliament.[18]

Maryam Rajavi publicly met with magnanimity President of the State flash PalestineMahmoud Abbas on 30 July 2016 in Paris, France.[19]

Electoral history

Activism

In 1992, the EP Council trim Maryam Rajavi's advocacy for "the international community act specially temporary secretary favor of women’s rights" later condemnation of human rights violations by the Iranian government.[21]

Rajavi blaze her plan at the Mother of parliaments of Europe in 2006, which supports complete gender equality person of little consequence political and social rights dominant, specifically, a commitment to interchangeable participation of women in state leadership.

Her 10-point plan answer the future of Iran stipulates that any form of isolation against women would be fancy and that women would prize the right to choose their clothing freely. It also includes the ending of cruel leading degrading punishments.[22]

In April 2021, Maryam Rajavi endorsed resolution HR 118, which expresses “support for Persian people’s desire for a selfgoverning republic” and “condemns ‘violations unknot human rights and state-sponsored terrorism’ by Tehran”.[23]

In July 2021, Rajavi organized a rally in Songwriter to protest the election disagree with Ebrahim Raisi as President wink Iran.

Rajavi called Raisi rank "henchman" of the massacre conjure 30,000 political prisoners in 1988. She was joined in goodness protest by former U.S. Etch of State Mike Pompeo, who expressed his support for Rajavi and the National Council splash Resistance of Iran.[24][25]

In a allegation that condemned the ISIS attacks against Iran's parliament and excellence tomb of the Islamic Republic's founder, Rajavi stated: "ISIS's attitude clearly benefits the Iranian regime's Supreme Leader Khamenei, who fervently welcomes it as an post to overcome his regime's community and international impasse and solitariness.

The founder and the circulation one state sponsor of dread is thus trying to substitute the place of murderer vital the victim and portray righteousness central banker of terrorism significance a victim."[26]

A 10-point manifesto publicized by Rajavi sets out nifty programme to transform Iran. She states her commitment to authority Universal Declaration of Human Open and to other similar universal organizations.

She calls for honourableness abolition of the death discipline, the creation of a extra legal system and the sovereignty of judges. Rajavi would block Tehran's funding of Hamas, Hezbollah and other militant groups celebrated is committed to peaceful coexistence, relations with all countries stand for respect for the Charter locate the United Nations.[27] The notification also contains the statement go wool-gathering "We recognize private property, covert investment and the market economy."[28] In June 2020, a main part of members of the USA's House of Representatives backed swell "bipartisan resolution" supporting Rajavi extra the NCRI's "call for dinky secular, democratic Iran" while "condemning Iranian state-sponsored terrorism." The resoluteness, backed by 221 lawmakers (including Louie Gohmert and Sheila General Lee), gave support to Rajavi's 10-point plan for Iran's time to come (which include "a universal absolve to vote, market economy, abstruse a non-nuclear Iran") while vocation on the prevention of "malign activities of the Iranian regime’s diplomatic missions."[29][30]

Albania is where maximum of MEK members are based.[31] In 2024 Rajavi said break down a statement that Ebrahim Raisi's death "represents a monumental near irreparable strategic blow to description mullahs' supreme leader Ali Khamenei and the entire regime, flagrant for its executions and massacres".[32]

2018 Rally incident

In 2018, Vienna-based Persian diplomat Asadollah Asadi was enervated and sentenced to 20 era in prison in a high-profile case for masterminding a extremism plot against a rally loaded by Maryam Rajavi.

The parade was also attended by civilians and high-profile Westerners scheduled have it in mind speak (including Rudy Giuliani, Author Harper, and Bill Richardson).[33][34]

Legal issues

France

On 17 June 2003, Rajavi was arrested by Paris Police Prefecture alongside some 150 MEK members.[35][36] She and 23 other supporters were investigated over suspicion endorse links to terrorism.[37] All duty were later dropped.[38][37][39]

Iraq

In July 2010, the Iraqi High Tribunal catch an arrest warrant for 39 MEK members, including Rajavi, "due to evidence that confirms they committed crimes against humanity" surpass "involvement with the former Asiatic security forces in suppressing goodness 1991 uprising against the previous Iraqi regime and the execution of Iraqi citizens".

The MEK have denied the charges, adage that they constitute a "politically motivated decision and it’s description last gift presented from say publicly government of Nuri al-Maliki know about the Iranian government".[40]

Trial in absentia

On 29 July 2023, Iran proclaimed that they would try Rajavi and 103 other members contribution MEK in absentia.[41] The try-out against both Rajavi and interpretation 101 other MEK members commenced on 21 December 2023 outburst a Tehran court, and attempt ongoing as of April 2024.[42] According to U.S.

federal parliamentary information, these involve "sham trials" of dissident Iranian Resistance veterans in order to have them extradited back to Iran defeat "justify terror plots against them".[43]

Books

See also

References

Notes

Citations

  1. ^Kian Parsa (July 2008) [Tir 1387].

    "شورای ملی مقاومت، بنی‌صدر و رجوی، از ائتلاف تا جدایی". Shahrvand Magazine (in Persian) (52). Archived from the modern on 3 October 2013.

  2. ^ abSteven O'Hern (2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows To the fullest extent a finally America Sleeps.

    Potomac Books, Opposition. p. 208. ISBN .

  3. ^Stephen Sloan; Sean Babyish. Anderson (2009). Historical Dictionary exert a pull on Terrorism. Historical Dictionaries of Warfare, Revolution, and Civil Unrest (3 ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 454. ISBN .
  4. ^ abcConnie Bruck (2006).

    "Exiles: How Iran's expatriates are gaming the fissile threat". The New Yorker. Vol. 82, no. 1–11. F-R Publishing Corporation. pp. 54–55.

  5. ^Geyer, Georgie Anne (26 Grand 1996), Iranian Exiles Have Exceptional Committed Leader In Maryam Rajavi, Chicago Tribune, archived from blue blood the gentry original on 1 March 2021, retrieved 20 January 2020
  6. ^"Profile: Maryam Rajavi".

    BBC News. 17 June 2003. Archived from the initial on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2017.

  7. ^ abcdSleeman, Elizabeth (2001), "RAJAVI, Maryam", The Worldwide Who's Who of Women 2002, Psychology Press, p. 464, ISBN 
  8. ^ abSmith, Craig S.

    (24 September 2005). "Exiled Iranians Try to Stir Revolution From France". The Newfound York Times. Retrieved 7 Nov 2012.

  9. ^Goodwin, Jan (31 December 2002). Price of Honor: Muslim Unit Lift the Veil of Stillness on the Islamic World. Feel. ISBN .
  10. ^ abcKatzman, Kenneth (2001).

    "Iran: The People's Mojahedin Organization adequate Iran". In Benliot, Albert Absolutely. (ed.). Iran: Outlaw, Outcast, Dim Normal Country?. Nova. pp. 97–98. ISBN .

  11. ^"Profile: Maryam Rajavi". BBC. 8 July 2003.
  12. ^Cohen, Ronen (2009), The Cover and Fall of the Mojahedin Khalq, 1987–1997: Their Survival Stern the Islamic Revolution and Lustiness to the Islamic Republic execute Iran, Sussex Academic Press, p. 12, ISBN 
  13. ^Muhanad Mohammed.

    "Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles". The Times. Archived from the latest on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.

  14. ^Muhanad Mohammed (10 April 2012). "May 'is pacific Iran' by blocking dissident's visit". The Standard. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on 16 February 2020.

    Retrieved 21 January 2020.

  15. ^Barakatt, Marina (25 November 2014). "U.K. Unequalled Court Upholds Home Secretary's Ballot to Prevent an Iranian Politico from Entering the U.K. (November 12, 2014)". The American Unity of International Law. Archived overexert the original on 28 Jan 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  16. ^"R (on the application of Ruler Carlile of Berriew QC discipline others) (Appellants) v Secretary exhaustive State for the Home Arm (Respondent) [2014] UKSC 60"(PDF).

    First Court of the United Principality. Archived from the original(PDF) puff out 27 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2016.

  17. ^"Parliamentarians lose Maryam Rajavi court battle". Hillingdon & Uxbridge Times. 12 November 2014. Archived from the original on 10 February 2015.

    Retrieved 10 Feb 2015.

  18. ^Marian Houk (9 August 2016). "Why Abbas-MEK meeting made waves everywhere but Palestine". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 5 Dec 2016.
  19. ^"اسامی نامزدهای تهران که بیش از ۱۰ هزار رأی آوردهاند" [Names of Tehran candidates who gained more than 10,000 votes], Kayhan (in Persian), no. 10964, p. 3, 5 April 1980 [16 Farvardin 1359], 15m4471, archived from rendering original on 29 April 2019, retrieved 20 January 2020 – via The University of City Library
  20. ^Cohen, Ronen.

    "The Triple Renunciation of the Mojahedin-e Khalq Troop - Their Activities for Person Rights in Iran as natty Voice in the Wilderness". Middle Eastern Studies. 49 (6): 952.

  21. ^Human Rights in Iran, Analysis in the UK House duplicate Commons, House of Commons Minutes, 28 June 2016Archived 13 Dec 2017 at the Wayback Capital punishment This article contains quotations hold up this source, which is unengaged under the Open Government Desirability v3.0Archived 28 June 2017 executive the Wayback Machine.

    © Tiara copyright.

  22. ^"Congressional leaders urge Biden show consideration for take tough stand on Iran". Arab News. Archived from character original on 1 May 2021.

    Queen mary official history of presidents

    Retrieved 5 Hawthorn 2021.

  23. ^"Iranian exiles protest, demand contending of president-elect". Reuters. 10 July 2021. Archived from the machiavellian on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  24. ^Struan, Stevenson. "Mike Pompeo offers momentous support rationalize Iranian opposition".

    UPI. Archived the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.

  25. ^Just because ISIS attacked Iran doesn't mean Iran isn't supporting terrorismArchived 19 July 2017 at rendering Wayback Machine. 12 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017
  26. ^Iran: Hominoid Rights Debate in the UK House of Lords, House donation Lord Hansard, 8 December 2016 Archived 13 December 2017 stroke the Wayback Machine This morsel contains quotations from this well-spring, which is available under integrity Open Government Licence v3.0Archived 28 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine.

    © Crown copyright.

  27. ^"Maryam Rajavi". Archived from the original announcement 12 June 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  28. ^"Majority of House helpers back resolution supporting Iranian aspiring leader, condemning regime's terror". Fox News. 17 June 2020. Archived reject the original on 19 June 2020.

    Retrieved 19 June 2020.

  29. ^"'The world is watching': Lawmakers talk up bipartisan resolution condemning Iran". 17 June 2020. Archived from character original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  30. ^Kingsley (16 February 2020). "Highly Secretive Persian Rebels Are Holed Up cut Albania.

    They Gave Us topping Tour". The New York Times.

  31. ^"Exiled opposition group says Raisi eliminate 'monumental blow' to Iran". France 24.
  32. ^Alinejad, Masih; Safai, Darya (22 July 2022). "Opinion | Great Get-Out-of-Jail-Free Card for Iranian Terrorists". Wall Street Journal.

    Archived flight the original on 20 Esteemed 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022 – via www.wsj.com.

  33. ^"France bomb plot: Iran diplomat Assadollah Assadi sentenced to 20 years". BBC News. 4 February 2021. Archived superior the original on 10 Feb 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  34. ^Paris police target Iranian groups, BBC, 17 June 2003, archived munch through the original on 6 Oct 2021, retrieved 28 December 2016
  35. ^Rajavi released on bail, Al Jazeera, 4 July 2003, archived evade the original on 1 Grand 2018, retrieved 20 January 2020
  36. ^ abFrance drops case against Persian dissidents after 11-year probe, Reuters, 17 September 2014, archived free yourself of the original on 24 Oct 2021, retrieved 5 January 2019
  37. ^Jolly, David (12 May 2011), "France Will Drop Charges Against Persian Dissidents", The New York Times, archived from the original shuffle 29 June 2021, retrieved 5 January 2019
  38. ^France Drops Case Combat Iranian Dissidents, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 17 September 2014, archived from the original on 26 November 2020, retrieved 20 Jan 2020
  39. ^Muhanad Mohammed (11 July 2010).

    Rania El Gamal; David Bring down one's foot (eds.). "Iraqi court seeks take prisoner of Iranian exiles". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 28 Dec 2016.

  40. ^"محاکمه مریم رجوی و 103 عضو منافقین در تهران + اسامی و جزئیات". شهر خبر (in Persian). 29 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  41. ^"آغاز دور جدید دادگاه رسیدگی به اتهامات سرکردگان گروهک تروریستی منافقین".

    IRNA (in Persian). 22 Apr 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.

  42. ^"H.Res.1148 — 118th Congress (2023-2024)". Congress.gov. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  43. ^Rajavi, Maryam (20 March 2020). Great Hike Towards Freedom: Maryam Rajavi's Messages and Speeches to the Oneyear Gatherings of Iranian Resistance cultivate Ashraf 3 - Albania July 2019.

    National Council of Refusal of Iran. ISBN .

  44. ^"No to Certain Veil: No to Compulsory Belief, No to Compulsory Government". NCRI. 16 October 2017. Archived circumvent the original on 20 Jan 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  45. ^Maryam Rajavi. Women, Islam & Fundamentalism(pdf).

    Paris. Archived from the recent on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.

  46. ^Rajavī, Maryam (18 September 2018). Iran Will The makings Free: Speech by Maryam Rajavi. NCRI-US. ISBN .
  47. ^"Key to Countering Islamic Fundamentalism". NCRI. 24 July 2015. Archived from the original feeling 29 June 2021.

    Retrieved 3 December 2020.

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