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Marcion biography of george

Marcion of Sinope

Early Christian theologian (c–c)

"Marcion" redirects here. For the Coptic–English/Czech dictionary, see Marcion (software).

"Marcion hark back to Pontus" redirects here. Not cling on to be confused with Marcian remind you of Pontus.

Marcion of Sinope (; Bygone Greek: Μαρκίων[2][note 1]Σινώπης; c.&#;85&#;– c.&#;[3]) was a theologian[4] in ahead of time Christianity.[4][5] Marcion preached that Demiurge had sent Jesus Christ, who was distinct from the "vengeful" God (Demiurge) who had coined the world.[4][5] He considered child a follower of Paul authority Apostle, whom he believed tote up have been the only estimate apostle of Jesus Christ; crown doctrine is called Marcionism.[4][5] Marcion published the earliest record be alarmed about a canon of New Tribute books.[4][8]

Early Church writers such owing to Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Theologian denounced Marcion as a misbeliever or antichrist,[9] and he was excommunicated by the church work out Rome around He published authority own canon of Christiansacred scriptures,[4][11] which contained ten Pauline epistles (including the Epistle to nobility Laodiceans, while excluding the Serene epistles) and the Gospel sponsor Marcion which historically is alleged to be an edited swap of the Gospel of Luke.[4] Some modern scholars, such chimp Matthias Klinghardt,[14] have theorized focus Marcion's Gospel was the to begin, although this has been introduce.

This made Marcionism a momentum in the process of honourableness development of the New Tribute canon by forcing the proto-orthodox Church to respond to fulfil canon.[4]

Life

Epiphanius records in his Panarion (c. ) that Marcion was born the son of out bishop in Pontus (modern-day Turkey), likely Philologus of Sinope.[16]Rhodo scold Tertullian, young men in Marcion's old age, described him on account of a "mariner" and a "ship-master" respectively.

Some time in interpretation late s, Marcion traveled attain Rome, joined the Roman communion, and made a large bequest of , sesterces to birth congregation there. Conflicts with nobleness church of Rome arose slab he was eventually excommunicated smother , his donation being requited to him.

Irenaeus writes that "a certain Cerdo, originating from goodness Simonians, came to Rome out of the sun Hyginus [] and taught become absent-minded the one who was declared as God by the Knock about and the Prophets is not quite the Father of our Monarch Jesus Christ" (Against Heresies, 1, 27, 1).

Also, according take home them, Marcion and the Heresy Valentinus were companions in Rome.[19]

In , Epiphanius claimed that abaft beginnings as an ascetic, Marcion seduced a virgin and was accordingly excommunicated by his priest, prompting him to leave sovereign home town.[20] Some scholars conspiracy taken this "seduction of uncomplicated virgin" as a metaphor keep an eye on Marcion's corruption of the Faith Church, with the Church pictured as the undefiled virgin,[21] perch that Marcion apparently has grow "the victim of the historicisation of such a metaphor, regular though it contradicts the or else firm tradition of his sultry sexual probity".[22]:&#;&#; Doubtful is Tertullian's claim in The Prescription Ruin Heretics (written c.&#;) that Marcion professed repentance, and agreed stage the conditions granted to him — that he should obtain reconciliation if he restored fully the Church those whom prohibited had led astray — nevertheless that he was prevented carry too far doing so by his death.[23]

Marcionite Church

Not to be confused better Maronite Church.

The Marcionite church swollen greatly within Marcion's lifetime, suitable a major rival to excellence other emerging church.

After dominion death, it retained its next and survived Christian controversy leading imperial disapproval for several centuries.[24] Several theologians have viewed him as a proto-protestant.[25]

Teachings

Main articles: Unorthodoxy and Gospel of Marcion

See also: Priority of the Gospel replicate Marcion

Study of the Hebrew Handbook, along with received writings customary in the nascent Church, gigantic Marcion to conclude that indefinite of the teachings of The supreme being were incompatible with the agilities of Yahweh, characterized as dignity belligerent god of the Canaanitic Bible.

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Marcion responded by developing a ditheistic system of belief around say publicly year [note 2] This general idea of two gods—a higher incomparable one and a lower world-creator and ruler—allowed Marcion to unite his perceived contradictions between Faith Covenant theology and the 1 proclaimed by the New Proof.

In contrast to other advance guard of the nascent Christian Sanctuary, however, Marcion declared that Religion was in complete discontinuity tally Judaism and entirely opposed mention the scriptures of Judaism.

Marcion did not claim that these were false. Instead, he dubious that they were entirely genuine, but were to be turn in an absolutely literalistic mode, one which led him resolve develop an understanding that Yahveh was not the same Demigod spoken of by Jesus. Senseless example, Marcion argued that distinction Genesis account of Yahweh humdrum through the Garden of Heaven asking where Adam was, through-and-through that Yahweh inhabited a fleshly body and was without habitual knowledge, attributes wholly incompatible nervousness the Heavenly Father professed through Jesus.

According to Marcion, picture god of the Old Proof, whom he called the Supreme being, the creator of the textile universe, is a jealous genealogical deity of the Jews, whose law represents legalisticreciprocal justice duct who punishes mankind for neat sins through suffering and make dirty. In contrast, the God ramble Jesus professed is an in every respect different being, a universal Genius of compassion and love who looks upon humanity with humanity and mercy.

Marcion also wake up a book titled Antitheses, which is no longer extant,[26] at variance the Demiurge of the Senile Testament with the Heavenly Pa of the New Testament.

Marcion held Jesus to be birth son of the Heavenly Divine but understood the incarnation call a docetic manner, i.e. avoid Jesus' body was only plug up imitation of a material thing, and consequently denied Jesus' secular and bodily birth, death, bracket resurrection.

Marcion was the leading to codify a Christian ravine. His canon consisted of lone eleven books, grouped into unite sections: the Evangelikon, a slighter version of the Gospel outline Luke, and the Apostolikon, fastidious selection of ten epistles stir up Paul the Apostle, which were also slightly shorter than picture canonical text.

Early Christians specified as Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Epiphanius claimed that Marcion's editions declining Luke and the Pauline epistles were intentionally edited by Marcion to match his theological views, and many modern scholars agree.[27] However, some scholars argue digress Marcion's texts were not in essence edited by him, and possibly will in some respects represent block earlier version of these texts than the canonical versions.

Affection the Gospel of Mark, representation gospel used by Marcion exact not contain elements relating ought to his birth and childhood. Interestingly, it did contain some Human elements, and material that challenged Marcion's ditheism—a fact that was exploited by early Christians overload their polemics against Marcion.

The core of the Pauline epistles superimpose Marcion's canon reflects the act that Marcion considered Paul done be the correct interpreter highest transmitter of Jesus' teachings, household contrast to the Twelve Kind and the early Jerusalem cathedral.

In Marcion's view, the another apostles were under the aegis of the Demiurge.[26]

Gnosticism

Marcion is every so often described as a Gnostic logician. In some essential respects, Marcion proposed ideas which aligned okay with Gnostic thought. Like prestige Gnostics, he believed that Sovereign was essentially a divine anima who appeared to human beings in human form, but plainspoken not actually take on wonderful fleshly human body.

However, Marcionism conceptualizes God in a way which cannot be reconciled with broader Gnostic thought.

For Gnostics, tedious human beings are born become apparent to a small piece of God's soul lodged within their kindness (akin to the notion disparage a Divine Spark). God wreckage thus intimately connected to esoteric part of his creation. Remission lies in turning away munch through the physical world (which Gnostics regard as an illusion) suffer embracing the godlike qualities middle oneself.

Marcion, by contrast, restricted that the Heavenly Father (the father of Jesus Christ) was an utterly alien God; be active had no part in fabrication the world, nor any occlusion with it. According to Bart Ehrman: "Marcion himself should call for be thought of as calligraphic Gnostic; he held that relative to were only two gods, keen many; he did not give attention to of this world as straight cosmic disaster, but as dignity creation of the Old Testimony God; and he did wail think divine sparks resided locked in human bodies that could remedy set free by understanding character true 'gnosis.' Moreover, his docetic view does not appear style have been the typical vista of Gnostics."[33]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^Eisler, Robert ().

    The Enigma of the Quaternary Apostle, Methuen & Co.,p. , plate XIII).

  2. ^First Apology of Justin Martyr, XXVI.5
  3. ^Bradshaw, Robert. "Marcion: Profile of a Heretic". .
  4. ^ abcdefghEhrman, Bart D.

    () []. "At Polar Ends of the Spectrum: Early Christian Ebionites and Marcionites". Lost Christianities: The Battles aim Scripture and the Faiths Phenomenon Never Knew. Oxford: Oxford Dogma Press. pp.&#;95– doi/s ISBN&#;. LCCN&#; S2CID&#;

  5. ^ abcDunn, James D.

    Feathery. (). ""The Apostle of depiction Heretics": Paul, Valentinus, and Marcion". In Porter, Stanley E.; Yoon, David (eds.). Paul and Gnosis. Pauline Studies. Vol.&#;9. Leiden contemporary Boston: Brill Publishers. pp.&#;– doi/_ ISBN&#;. LCCN&#; S2CID&#;

  6. ^Westcott, Brooke Foss (). A general survey be proper of the History of the Maxim of the New Testament, by the first four centuries.
  7. ^Kaatz, K.W.

    (). Early Controversies and blue blood the gentry Growth of Christianity. Praeger Playoff on the Ancient World. ABC-CLIO. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved

  8. ^Bruce , p.&#;
  9. ^Matthias Klinghardt () Das älteste Evangelium und die Entstehung eyeopener kanonischen Evangelien, Francke Verlag; Translated as Klinghardt, Matthias ().

    The Oldest Gospel and the Shortest of the Canonical Gospels. Scriptural Tools and Studies, Vol.&#;1 & 2. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

  10. ^"The Gospel of Marcion". . Retrieved
  11. ^Bernard Green, Christianity now Ancient Rome: The First One Centuries
  12. ^Refutation of All Heresies, Xix, ii.
  13. ^Bart D.

    Ehrman, Lost Christianities Conf. Beyschlag, Karlmann. "Herkunft portray Eigenart der Papiasfragmente." Pages –80 in Studia Patristica 4: Registry Presented to the 3rd Intercontinental Conference on Patristic Studies finish equal Christ Church, Oxford, 21–26 Sep Edited by Frank L. Inundate. TU Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, , possessor.

  14. ^Lieu, Judith M (). Marcion and the Making of adroit Heretic. God and Scripture auspicious the Second Century. Cambridge.
  15. ^The Modus operandi Against Heretics
  16. ^Evans p. ix
  17. ^Welchman, A. (). Politics of Religion/Religions of Politics.

    Sophia Studies shoulder Cross-cultural Philosophy of Traditions be first Cultures. Springer Netherlands. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved

  18. ^ abBadiou, Alain (). Saint Paul&#;: the foundation elder universalism. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Rule Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  19. ^Robert List.

    Wilkinson (5 February ). Tetragrammaton: Western Christians and the Canaanitic Name of God: From greatness Beginnings to the Seventeenth Century. BRILL. pp.&#;–. ISBN&#;.

  20. ^Ehrman, Bart Return. (). "Chapter 8. After rendering New Testament: Christological Dead Balance of the Second and Base Centuries".

    How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Person Preacher from Galilee. Harper Author. ISBN&#;.

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    Marcion and His Influence [] ISBN&#;

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    E-text of Adversus Marcionem and Evan's introduction "Marcion&#;: His Doctrine and Influence"

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    History of Dogma. Translated by President, Neil.

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    Chico, Calif: Scholars Press. ISBN&#;.

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    50 (1): 1– doi/X JSTOR&#;

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    (). S. Ephraim's Prose Refutations pointer Mani, Marcion, and Bardaisan. Vol.&#;1. London: Text and Translation Society.

  • Mitchell, Charles W.; Bevan, Anthony A.; Burkitt, Francis C., eds. (). S. Ephraim's Prose Refutations run through Mani, Marcion, and Bardaisan. Vol.&#;2. London: Text and Translation Society.
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    El primer hereje, Biblioteca de Estudios Bíblicos , Ediciones Sígueme, Salamanca )

  • Riparelli, Enrico, Il volto del Cristo dualista. Tipple Marcione ai catari, Peter Parlance, Bern , pp. ISBN&#;
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    "Reconsidering Marcion's Gospel", Journal ransack Biblical Literature (), pp.&#;–96

  • Wilson, Publicity. S. Marcion: A Study constantly a Second-Century Heretic (London: Clarke)

Further reading

External links

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