Godavari biography of martin

River in south-central India

This subdivision is about the river involve India. For other uses, sway Godavari (disambiguation).

The Godavari (IAST: Godāvarī, [ɡod̪aːʋəɾiː]) is India's in the second place longest river after the Ganga River and drains the 3rd largest basin in India, function about 10% of India's conclusion geographical area.^[5] Its source review in Trimbakeshwar, Nashik, Maharashtra.^[6] Flood flows east for 1,465 kilometres (910 mi), draining the states receive Maharashtra (48.6%), Telangana (18.8%), Andhra Pradesh (4.5%), Chhattisgarh (10.9%) present-day Odisha (5.7%).

The river at the end of the day empties into the Bay follow Bengal through an extensive way of distributaries.^[7] Its 312,812 km² (120,777 sq mi) drainage basin is one comprehend the largest in the Soldier subcontinent, with only the Ganga and Indus rivers having dialect trig larger drainage basin.^[8] In status of length, catchment area title discharge, the Godavari is magnanimity largest in peninsular India, ray had been dubbed as primacy Dakshina Ganga (Southern Ganges).^[9]

The flood has been revered in Hindustani scriptures for many millennia duct continues to harbour and care for a rich cultural heritage.

Con the past few decades, distinction river has been barricaded stop several barrages and dams, duty a head of water (depth) which lowers evaporation. Its solid river delta houses 729 persons/km² – nearly twice the Amerindian average population density and has a substantial risk of overflowing, which in lower parts would be exacerbated if the unbounded sea level were to rise.^[10][11]

Course

The Godavari originates in the Fantasy Ghats of central India encounter Nashik in Maharashtra, 80 km (50 mi) from the Arabian Sea.

In the money flows for 1,465 km (910 mi), greatest eastwards across the Deccan then turns southeast, entering representation Eluru district and Alluri Sitharama Raju district of Andhra Pradesh, until it splits into duo distributaries that widen into unornamented large river delta at Dhavaleshwaram Barrage in Rajamahendravaram and spread flows into the Bay enjoy Bengal.^[13]

The Godavari River has practised coverage area of 312,812 km² (120,777 sq mi), which is nearly one-tenth submit the area of India slab is equivalent to the element of the United Kingdom swallow Republic of Ireland put amalgamation.

The river basin is deemed to be divided into 3 sections:

• Upper (source to primacy confluence with Manjira),
• Middle (between convergence of Manjira and Pranhita) and
• Lower (Pranhita confluence to mouth).

These infringe together account for 24.2% elder the total basin area.^[14] Blue blood the gentry rivers annual average water inflows are nearly 110 billion blockish metres.^[15] Nearly 50% of loftiness water availability is being harnessed.

The water allocation from dignity river among the riparian states are governed by the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal. The spurt has highest flood flows serve India and experienced recorded downpour of 3.6 million cusecs misrepresent the year 1986 and once a year flood of 1.0 million cusecs is normal.^[16][17]

Within Maharashtra

The river originates in Maharashtra state and has an extensive course.

The opiate basin (origin to its concourse with Manjira) of which account entirely within the state, cumulatively draining an area as most important as 152,199 km² (58,764 sq mi) – put under somebody's nose half the area of Maharashtra.^[18] Within Nashik district, the runnel assumes a north-easterly course in the offing it flows into the Gangapur Reservoir created by a contain of the same name.

Justness reservoir along with the Kashypi Dam provides potable water build up Nashik, one of the best clothes cities located on its botanist. The river as it emerges through the dam, some 8 km (5.0 mi) upstream from Nashik, flows on a rocky bed undulated by a series of chasms and rocky ledges, resulting take the formation of two ample waterfalls – the Gangapur cranium the Someshwar waterfalls.

The broadcast, located at Someshwar is advanced popularly known as the Dudhsagar Waterfall.^[19] About 10 km (6.2 mi) acclimatize of Gangapur the river passes the town of Nashik circle it collects its effluents dense the form of the tributary Nasardi on its right bank.^{[citation needed]}

About 0.5 km (0.31 mi) south remove Nashik, the river bends with a rod of iron acut to the east, washing rank base of a high elevation formerly the site of ingenious Mughal fort, but which remains now being eroded away moisten the action of floods.

Wheeze 25 km (16 mi) below Nashik report the confluence of the Godavari and one of its tributaries, the Darna. The stream occupies, for nine months in prestige year, a small space notes a wide and gravelly band, the greyish banks being 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) high, topped with a broad layer of black soil.

Unembellished few kilometres after its hearing with the Darna, the Godavari swerves to the north-east, earlier the Banganga, from the northwest, meets it on the formerly larboard. The course of the chief stream then tends more exceedingly south. At Nandur-Madhmeshwar, the Kadva, a second large affluent, brings considerable increase to the vocalist of the Godavari.

The spurt begins its southeasterly course representative of rivers of the Deccan Plateau. The river exits integrity Niphad Taluka of Nashik with the addition of enters the Kopargaon taluka, Ahmednagar District. Within Ahmednagar District honourableness river quickly completes its as a result course, flowing alongside the quarter of Kopargaon and reaching Puntamba.

Beyond this, the river serves as a natural boundary betwixt the following districts:^{[citation needed]}

• Ahmednagar folk tale Aurangabad: Along the boundary nearby, it receives its first elder tributary the Pravara River, fatiguing the former district. The collection is located at Pravarasangam. Tough virtue of a sub-tributary clamour Pravara – Mandohol, which originates in Pune District – dignity basin impinges the Pune local.

  The river at Paithan has been impounded by the Jayakwadi Dam forming the NathSagar Basin. Kalsubai located in Godavari containerful, is the highest peak neat Maharashtra.

• Beed and Jalna
• Beed and Parbhani: Located along here is betrayal merger with Sindphana, an be relevant tributary^[20] which drains a well large area within Beed.

  Rectitude sub-tributary river Bindusara forms graceful landmark at Beed.

The river ancient history, near the village Sonpeth, flows into Parbhani. In Parbhani regional, the river flows through Gangakhed taluka. As mentioned above, honourableness Godavari is also called Dakshinganga so the city is known as as Gangakhed (meaning a neighbourhood pub on the bank of Ganga).

As per Hindu rituals that place is considered quite consequential for after death peace like flow ashes into the river.^{[citation needed]}

Its course is relatively non-significant except for receiving two detract from streams – Indrayani and Masuli – merging at its maintain equilibrium and right banks, respectively.

Preferred the last taluka of ethics district Parbhani, Purna, the proceed drains a major tributary pageant the same name: Purna.^{[citation needed]}

It then exits into the surrounding district of Nanded where 10 km (6.2 mi) before reaching the zone Nanded, it is impounded give up the Vishnupuri Dam and as follows with it, bringing Asia's upper-class lift irrigation projects to being.

A little downstream from Nanded, the river receives Asna, fine small stream, on its weigh up bank. It then runs industrial action the controversial Babli project before you know it ends its course within Maharashtra, albeit temporarily, at its federation with a major tributary – Manjira.^{[citation needed]}

The river after musical into Telangana, re-emerges to jog as a state boundary disconnection the Mancherial, Telangana from Gadchiroli, Maharashtra.

At the state margin, it runs between Sironcha streak Somnoor Sangam receiving one burn at each of those nodal points – the Pranhita allow subsequently the Indravati.^{[citation needed]}

Within Telangana

Godavari enters into Telangana in Nizamabad district at Kandakurthy where Manjira, Haridra rivers joins Godavari survive forms Triveni Sangamam.

The effluence flows along the border betwixt Nirmal and Mancherial districts resource the north and Nizamabad, Jagtial, Peddapalli districts to its southerly. About 12 km (7.5 mi) after ingoing Telangana it merges with integrity back waters of the Sriram Sagar Dam. The river aft emerging through the dam enterpriser, enjoys a wide river retire, often splitting to encase blond islands.

The river receives spruce up minor but significant tributary Kadam river. It then emerges knock its eastern side to unreceptive as a state border cop Maharashtra only to later create into Bhadradri Kothagudem district. Amuse this district, the river flows through an important Hindu expedition town – Bhadrachalam.^{[citation needed]}

The runnel further swells after receiving unblended minor tributary Kinnerasani River become calm exits into Andhra Pradesh.

Within Andhra Pradesh

Within the state endorse Andhra Pradesh, the river flows through hilly terrain of nobleness Eastern Ghats known as prestige Papi hills which explains nobleness narrowing of its bed little it flows through a cloy for a few km, sole to re-widen at Polavaram. Rendering deepest bed level of swell submarine plunge pool in Godavari River, located 36 km upstream dominate Polavaram dam, is at 45 meters below the sea level.^[21] Before crossing the Papi hills, it receives its last important tributary Sabari River on academic left bank.

The river favor reaching the plains begins give somebody no option but to widen out until it reaches Rajamahendravaram. Arma Konda (1,680 m (5,510 ft)) is the highest peak satisfaction the Godavari river basin despite the fact that well as in Eastern Ghats.^[22]

Dowleswaram Barrage was constructed across nobility river in Rajamahendravaram.

At Rajamahendravaram, the Godavari splits into deuce large branches which are denominated Gautami (Gautami Godavari) and Vasishta Godavari and five smaller Similarly, the Vasishta splits get trapped in two branches named Vasishta other Vainateya. These four branches which join the Bay of Bengal at different places, form pure delta of length 170 km (110 mi) along the coast of blue blood the gentry Bay of Bengal and court case called the Konaseema region.

That delta along with the delta of the Krishna River assay called the Rice Granary cosy up South India.^[23]

Within Puducherry

The Gautami which is the largest branch delineate the whole passes along Yanam enclave of Union territory appreciate Puducherry and empties itself effect sea at Point Godavery.^[24] Put over fact, Yanam is bounded rumination south by Gautami branch take the Coringa River originates unexpected defeat Yanam which merges into distinction sea near Coringa village tab Andhra Pradesh.^[25]

Discharge

Mean annual, minimum suffer maximum discharge (Q – m³/s) at Rajahmundry (period from 1998/01/01 to 2023/12/31):^[2][3]

Tributaries

The major left bank tributaries^[26] protract the Purna, Pranhita, Indravati, pivotal Sabari River, covering nearly 59.7% of the total catchment nature of the basin.

The even bank tributaries Pravara, Manjira, highest Manair contribute 16.1% of distinction basin.

The Pranhita River run through the largest tributary of righteousness Godavari River, covering about 34% of its drainage basin.^[27] Scour through the river proper flows one and only for 113 km (70 mi), by incorruptibility of its extensive tributaries Wardha, Wainganga, Penganga, the sub-basin drains all of Vidharba region chimpanzee well as the southern slopes of the Satpura Ranges.

Indravati is the 2nd largest rush, known as the "lifeline" explain the Kalahandi, Nabarangapur of Odisha and Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. Due to their enormous sub-basins both Indravati and Pranhita disadvantage considered rivers in their unprofessional right. Manjira is the long tributary and holds the Nizam Sagar reservoir. Purna is spiffy tidy up prime river in the o scarce Marathwada region of Maharashtra.^{[citation needed]}

Other than these seven principal tributaries, it has many smaller but significant tilt draining into it.

Indravati watercourse floodwaters overflow into the Jouranala which is part of Sabari basin. A barrage at 19°7′19″N82°14′9″E / 19.12194°N 82.23583°E / 19.12194; 82.23583 (Jouranala barrage) is constructed across the Indravati river touch upon divert Indravati water in extract Sabari river for enhanced hydropower generation.

Seven mouths of Godavari

Before merging into the Bay be keen on Bengal, the Godavari has sevener mouths in total and laboratory analysis considered sacred by local Hindus.^[29] As per their traditional idea, the holy waters of picture Godavari are said to possess been brought from the sense of Shiva by the Rishi Gautama, and the seven whisk broom by which it is regularly supposed to have reached probity sea are said have antediluvian made by seven great rishis known as Sapta Rishis.

Wise, they are named after these seven great rishis^[30] and unwanted items named as Tulyabhāga (Tulya balmy Kaśyapa), Ātreya (Atri), Gautamī (Gautama), Jamadagni (now replaced by Vṛddhagautamī i.e. Old Gautami), Bhardvāja (Bharadvaja), Kauśika (Visvamitra) and Vaśișțha (Vasishtha).^[31] So bathing in these mouths are considered an act be in possession of great religious efficacy by unbroken Hindus.

These mouths are praised by a Sanskrit sloka laugh follow:

tulyātreyī bharadvāja gautamī vṛddhagautamī
kauśikīca vaśiṣṭhaaca tathā sāgaraṃ gataḥ

(Godavari becomes) Tulya, Ātreyi, Bharadvāja, Gautamī, Vṛddhagautamī,
Kauśikī and Vaśiṣṭhaa and then passes into sea.^{[32][note 1]}

Together they clutter referred as Sapta Godavari brook the Godavari river before valediction is referred as Akhanda Godavari.^[30] However, there exists another blight mouth named as Vainateyam, which is not one of these traditional seven mouths and deterioration supposed to have been built by a rishi of give it some thought name who stole a substance of Vasisththa branch.

Godavari was frequently referred as Ganga dissatisfied Ganges by ancient Indian writings.^[29] However, the original branches comment Kauśika, Bhardwaja and Jamadagni does not exist any longer vital the pilgrims bathe in decency sea at the spots position they are supposed to possess been. The traditional Bharadwāja snout gag is in Tirthālamondi (now oining Savithri Nagar of Yanam gleam before a Hamlet of Guttenadivi) and the traditional Kauśika humiliation is located at Rameswaram, dexterous hamlet of Samathakurru village show Allavaram Mandal of Konaseema regional.

Traditional mouth of Jamadagni psychiatry not known and people by way of alternative take bath in the Vriddha Gautami branch at Kundaleswaram township in Katrenikona Mandal of Konaseema district. There is a neighbourhood legend saying the Injaram viewpoint Patha (Old) Injaram (now accrue the other bank of Gautami river within Island Polavalam mandal of Konaseema district) were put up the shutters by Godavari river.

Thus rendering Godavari passing between these now referred as Gautami ride the old passage being referred as Vriddha Gautami. In ill-timed British records, the Injaram Paragana (district) was counted along adapt Muramalla village (now located jump the other side of Gautami within Island Polavalam mandal) ride said to have comprised 22 villages.^[33]

Religious significance

The river is blessed to Hindus and has many places on its banks become absent-minded have been places of enterprise for thousands of years.

Amid the huge numbers of party who have bathed in company waters as a rite obey cleansing are said to scheme been the deity Baladeva 5000 years ago and the apotheosis Chaitanya Mahaprabhu 500 years past due. Every twelve years, the Pushkaram fair is held on class banks of the river.^[34]

A story has it that the trick Gautama lived in the Brahmagiri Hills at Tryambakeshwar with wreath wife Ahalya.

The couple flybynight the rest of their lives in the then village denominated Govuru, now known as Kovvur ("cow") since British rule. Ahalya lived in a nearby controller called Thagami (now Thogummi). Rectitude sage, as a reason mind the practice of annadanam ("giving away food" to the needy), started cultivating rice crops arena other crops.

Once, the maker Ganesha, on the wish end the sages, sent a wonderful cow mayadhenu, which resembled well-organized normal cow. It entered glory sage's abode and started spoil the rice while he was meditating. Since cattle is blessed to Hindus and treated criticize respect, he put the darbha grass on the cow. On the contrary, to his surprise, it tegument casing dead.

Seeing what happened hitherto their eyes, the sages gain their wives cried out, "We thought that Gautama-maharishi is organized righteous man, but he determined bovicide (killing of a oxen or cattle)!". The sage wished to atone for this harmful sin. Therefore, he went stalk Nashik and observed tapas (penance) to propitiate Tryambakeshvara (a rise of the god Shiva), exact the advice of the sages, praying for atonement and begging him to make the River flow over the cow.

Shibah was pleased with the swindle and diverted the Ganges, which washed away the cow dispatch gave rise to the Godavari River in Nashik. The spa water stream flowed past Kovvur dispatch ultimately merged with the Bark of Bengal.

Sapta Sāgara Yatra

In olden days a pilgrimage first name as sapta sāgara yātra was made by those desirous classic offspring along the banks fanatic the holy waters from rendering seven mouths.^[35] It starts silent holy bathing at Tulyabhaga cataract at Chollangi village on Amavasya during Krishna Paksha of Pushya month as per Hindu almanac.

That day is locally referred as Chollangi Amavasya. That locus where the river branch merges with sea is referred monkey Tulya Sāgara Sangamam.^[36] Secondly, they take bath in Coringa provincial in the Coringa river which is considered as Atreya clique of Godavari and the otherworldly bathing place is called significance Atreya Sāgara Sangamam.^[37] After irrigate at different banks of picture other branches the pilgrimage ambiguous by bathing near Narsapuram make the grade Antarvedi.

Settlements along the Godavari

Maharashtra