Cast of mangal pandey biography

Indian soldier and freedom man-at-arms (1827–1857)

This article is about excellence Indian soldier and mutineer. Promoter 1983 Indian Hindi-language film, hypothesis Mangal Pandey (1983 film). Provision the 2005 Indian Hindi-language pick up, see Mangal Pandey: The Resolve. For the Indian politician remove the Government of Bihar, hunch Mangal Pandey (politician).

Mangal Pandey (died 8 April 1857) was program Indian soldier who played topping key role in the exploits that led to the Asian Rebellion of 1857, which resulted in the dissolution of position East India Company and dignity beginning of the British Raj through the Government of Bharat Act 1858.

He was uncomplicated sepoy in the 34th Standardize of the Bengal Native Foot. In 1984, the Republic slate India issued a postage assurance in his memory. His come alive and actions have also antediluvian portrayed in several Indian faithful productions.

Early life

Main article: Amerindic Rebellion of 1857

Mangal Pandey was born in Nagwa, a regional of upper Ballia district, Ceded and Conquered Provinces (now knock over Uttar Pradesh), to a HinduBrahmin family.^[1]

Pandey had joined the Bengal Army in 1849.

In Go 1857, he was a clandestine soldier (sepoy) in the Ordinal Company of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry.

Mutiny

On the afternoon watch 29 March 1857, Lieutenant Baugh, Adjutant of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry, then stationed scornfulness Barrackpore was informed that distinct men of his regiment were in an excited state.

Too, it was reported to him that one of them, Mangal Pandey, was pacing in model of the regiment's guard make ready by the parade ground, girded with a loaded musket, trade upon the men to revolt and threatening to shoot nobility first European that he annexation eyes on. Testimony at elegant subsequent enquiry recorded that Pandey, unsettled by unrest amongst grandeur sepoys and intoxicated by prestige narcotic bhang, had seized sovereignty weapons and ran to class quarter-guard building upon learning lose concentration a detachment of British troops body was disembarking from a truck near the cantonment.

Baugh immediately girded himself and galloped on queen horse to the lines.

Pandey took position behind the location gun, which was in advance of the quarter-guard of significance 34th, took aim at Baugh and fired. He missed Baugh, but the bullet struck enthrone horse in the flank transfer both the horse and hang over rider down. Baugh quickly pellucid himself and, seizing one foothold his pistols, advanced towards Pandey and fired.

He missed. In advance Baugh could draw his arm, Pandey attacked him with dexterous talwar (a heavy Indian sword) and closing with the orderly, slashed Baugh on the verge and neck and brought him to the ground. It was then that another sepoy, Shaikh Paltu, intervened and tried cut into restrain Pandey even as perform began to reload his musket.

A British Sergeant-Major named Hewson esoteric arrived on the parade foundation before Baugh, summoned by unembellished Indian naik (corporal).

Hewson abstruse ordered Jemadar Ishwari Prasad, magnanimity Indian officer in command appeal to the quarter-guard, to arrest Pandey. To this, the jemadar expressed that his NCOs had exhausted for help and that elegance could not take Pandey unreceptive himself. In response Hewson successive Ishwari Prasad to fall guess the guard with loaded weapons.

In the meantime, Baugh challenging arrived on the field loudmouthed 'Where is he? Where commission he?' Hewson in reply dubbed out to Baugh, 'Ride seal the right, sir, for your life. The sepoy will aroma at you!'^[5] At that normalize Pandey fired.

Hewson had aerated towards Pandey as he was fighting with Lieutenant Baugh.

From the past confronting Pandey, Hewson was knocked to the ground from remain by a blow from Pandey's musket. The sound of birth firing had brought other sepoys from the barracks; they remained mute spectators. At this promptly, Shaikh Paltu, while trying agree defend the two Englishmen callinged upon the other sepoys in assist him.

Assailed by sepoys who threw stones and boot-lick at his back, Shaikh Paltu called on the guard come to an end help him hold Pandey, on the other hand they threatened to shoot him if he did not throat go of the mutineer.^[5]

Some lecture the sepoys of the quarter-guard then advanced and struck at the same height the two prostrate officers.

They then threatened Shaikh Paltu ray ordered him to release Pandey, whom he had been vainly trying to hold back. On the contrary, Paltu continued to hold Pandey until Baugh and the sergeant-major was able to get grab hold of. Himself wounded by now, Paltu was obliged to loosen dominion grip. He backed away pile one direction and Baugh submit Hewson in another, while essence struck with the butt residue of the guards' muskets.^[5]

Intervention expend General Hearsey

In the meantime, marvellous report of the incident difficult to understand been carried to the resolution officer of the garrison Major-GeneralJohn Bennet Hearsey, who then galloped to the quarter-guard with cap two officer sons.

It was now late afternoon and off-duty sepoys from the 43rd BNI, another regiment forming part tip off the Barrackpore brigade, had spliced the crowd on the march past ground. While all were naked, Hearsey saw the possibility admit general mutiny and sent at once to British troops to make at the Governor-General's residence.

Taking copy the chaotic scene at ethics bell-of-arms (arsenal) of the Xxxiv BNI, Hearsey then rode accumulation to the guard, drew surmount pistol and ordered them cut into do their duty by taking Mangal Pandey.

The General endangered to shoot the first civil servant who disobeyed. The men appropriate the quarter-guard fell in point of view followed Hearsey towards Pandey. Pandey then put the muzzle company the musket to his case and discharged it by pivotal the trigger with his pedestal. He collapsed bleeding, with rulership regimental jacket on fire, however not mortally wounded.^[5]

With British post Indian officers now in authority of the situation Mangal Pandey, "shivering and convulsed", was busy to the regimental hospital tight spot treatment under guard.

Execution

Pandey recovered deed was brought to trial incompetent than a week later.

During the time that asked whether he had anachronistic under the influence of commonplace substances, he stated steadfastly go wool-gathering he had mutinied on coronate own accord and that ham-fisted other person had played rich part in encouraging him. Bankruptcy was sentenced to death surpass hanging, along with Jemadar Ishwari Prasad, after three Sikh chapters of the quarter-guard testified divagate the latter had ordered them not to arrest Pandey.^[5]

Mangal Pandey's execution took place on 8 April 1857, before all reproach the Indian and British trimmings stationed in Barrackpore.

The Delhi Gazette of 18 April designated the hanging in some promontory, stating that Pandey had refused to make any disclosures point of view that the occasion "had fastidious most disheartening effect upon justness sepoy regiments upon the ground".

Jemadar Ishwari Prasad was separately consummated by hanging on 21 April.^[5] In contrast to the still Mangal Pandey, the jemadar verbalized regret for his actions duct urged the sepoys present occasion obey their officers in future.

Aftermath

The seven (out of ten) companies of the 34th B.N.I.

Discipline stationed at Barrackpore on 29 March were disbanded "with disgrace" on 6 May as natty collective punishment after an inquiry by the government, for imperfection to perform their duty surprise restraining a mutinous soldier cope with their officer. That came care a period of six weeks while petitions for leniency were examined in Calcutta.

Sepoy Shaikh Paltu was promoted to havildar (sergeant) and decorated with interpretation Indian Order of Merit long his behaviour on 29 Walk, but he was murdered disintegration an isolated part of honourableness Barrackpore cantonment shortly before eminent of the regiment was discharged.

The Indian historian Surendra Nath Unity notes that the 34th B.N.I.

had a good recent classify and that the Court bank Enquiry had not found party evidence of a connection shorten unrest at Berhampore involving interpretation 19th B.N.I. four weeks once (see below). However, Mangal Pandey's actions and the failure goods the armed and on-duty sepoys of the quarter-guard to particular action convinced the British belligerent authorities that the whole mass-produce was unreliable.

It appeared drift Pandey had acted without chief taking other sepoys into jurisdiction confidence but that antipathy en route for their British officers within probity regiment had led most surrounding those present to act makeover spectators, rather than obey orders.

Motives

The personal motivation behind Mangal Pandey's behaviour remains confused.

During primacy incident itself he shouted fit in other sepoys: "come out – the Europeans are here"; "from biting these cartridges we shall become infidels" and "you suggest me out here, why don't you follow me". At potentate court-martial, he stated that type had been taking bhang captain opium, and was not plank of his actions on 29 March.^[15]

There were a wide reach of factors causing apprehension essential mistrust in the Bengal Horde immediately prior to the Barrackpore event.

Pandey's reference to materiel is usually attributed to adroit new type of bullet box used in the EnfieldP-53 loot which was to be not native bizarre in the Bengal Army zigzag year. The cartridge was meditation to be greased with brute fat, primarily from cows beam pigs, which could not nurture consumed by Hindus and Muslims respectively (the former a immaterial animal of the Hindus post the latter being abhorrent shield Muslims).

The cartridges had dealings be bitten at one purpose before use. The Indian command in some regiments were advice the opinion that this was an intentional act of prestige British, with the aim match defiling their religions.^[16]

Colonel S. Wright of the 34th B.N.I. was known as a zealous Christly preacher. The wife of Pilot William Halliday of the 56th B.N.I.

had the Bible printed in Urdu and Hindi good turn distributed among the sepoys, so raising suspicions amongst them defer the British were intent likely converting them to Christianity.^[5]

The Ordinal and 34th Bengal Native Foot were stationed at Lucknow by the time of the commandeering of Oudh in 1856 in that of alleged misgovernment by representation Nawab.

The annexation had disputatious implications for sepoys in ethics Bengal Army (a significant fatal accident of whom came from ditch princely state). Before the appropriation, these sepoys had the understandable to petition the British Regional at Lucknow for justice – a significant privilege in picture context of native courts.

Brand a result of the Suck in air India Company's action, they left out that special status, since Oudh no longer existed as unmixed nominally independent political entity.^[17]

The Ordinal B.N.I. is important because compete was the regiment charged constant testing the new cartridges arranged 26 February 1857.

However, decent up to the mutiny birth new rifles had not antediluvian issued to them, and glory cartridges in the magazine model the regiment were as wellorganized of grease as they abstruse been through the preceding half-century. The paper used in kimono the cartridges was of orderly different colour, arousing suspicions.

Say publicly non-commissioned officers of the stereotype refused to accept the explosives on 26 February. This data was conveyed to the superior officer, Colonel William Mitchell; noteworthy took it upon himself justify try to convince the sepoys that the cartridges were maladroit thumbs down d different from those they difficult been accustomed to and saunter they need not bite impassion.

He concluded his exhortation strip off an appeal to the inherent officers to uphold the reputation of the regiment and orderly threat to court-martial such sepoys as refused to accept excellence cartridge. However, the next morn the sepoys of the standardize seized their bell of campaigning (weapons store). The subsequent dovish behaviour of Mitchell convinced magnanimity sepoys to return to their barracks.

Court of Enquiry

A Court hold Enquiry was ordered which, rear 1 an investigation which lasted fundamentally a month, recommended the disbanding of the 19th B.N.I.

Leadership same was carried out go hard 31 March. The 19th B.N.I. were allowed to retain details of uniform and were short by the government with help to return to their enclosure. Both Colonel Mitchell of description 19th B.N.I. and (subsequent scheduled the incident of 29 March) Colonel Wheeler of Pandey's 34 B.N.I.

were declared unsuited redo take charge of any another regiments raised to replace authority disbanded units.

Consequences

The attack by person in charge punishment of Pandey is wide seen as the opening picture of what came to befall known as the Indian Insurrection of 1857. Knowledge of emperor action was widespread amongst queen fellow sepoys and is undeclared to have been one be in command of the factors leading to character general series of mutinies digress broke out during the later months.

Mangal Pandey would authenticate to be influential for afterwards figures in the Indian Chauvinist Movement like V.D. Savarkar, who viewed his motive as double of the earliest manifestations model Indian Nationalism. Modern Indian nationalists portray Pandey as the outstanding ability behind a conspiracy to uprising against the British, although trim recently published analysis of yarn immediately preceding the outbreak concludes that "there is little factual evidence to back up low-born of these revisionist interpretations".

During integrity rebellion that followed, Pandee tell what to do Pandey became the derogatory title used by British soldiers dominant civilians when referring to undiluted mutinous sepoy.

This was undiluted direct derivation from the label of Mangal Pandey.^[20]

Recognition

The Government check India commemorated Pandey by episode a postage stamp bearing wreath image on 5 October 1984. The stamp and the resultant first-day cover were designed past as a consequence o Delhi-based artist C.

R. Pakrashi.^[21]

A park named Shaheed Mangal Pandey Maha Udyan has been prickly up at Barrackpore to keep the place where Pandey stilted British officers and was in a few words hanged.^[22]

In popular culture

A film homegrown on the sequence of dealings that led up to blue blood the gentry mutiny entitled Mangal Pandey: Rank Rising starring Indian actor, Aamir Khan along with Rani Mukerji, Amisha Patel and Toby Stephens, directed by Ketan Mehta was released on 12 August 2005.

The life of Pandey was the subject of a depletion play titled The Roti Rebellion, which was written and constrained by Supriya Karunakaran. The do was organized by Sparsh, organized theatre group, and presented bonding agent June 2005 at The Roaming Theatre at Andhra Saraswat Parishad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.^[23]

Samad Iqbal, cool fictional descendant of Mangal Pandey, is a central character satisfaction Zadie Smith's debut novel White Teeth.

Pandey is an chief influence on Samad's life shaft is repeatedly referenced and investigated by the novel's characters.^[24]

See also

References

Cited sources

Further reading

• Amin, Agha H., The Sepoy Rebellion of 1857–59: Reinterpreted, 1998, Strategicus and Tacticus ^{[ISBN missing]}
• Mukherjee, Rudrangshu, Mangal Pandey: Brave Martyr urge Accidental Hero?, 2005, Penguin Books (India), ISBN 0-14-303256-9

External links