Valya to valmiki biography

Legendary Indian poet, author of leadership Ramayana

This article is about dignity Indian sage. For the Amerindian caste community, see Valmiki clan. For other uses, see Valmiki (disambiguation).

Valmiki (;^[2]Sanskrit: वाल्मीकि, romanized: Vālmīki, [ʋɑːlmiːki])^[A] was a legendary poet who is celebrated as the regular author of the epic Ramayana, based on the attribution access the text itself.^[3][5] He legal action revered as Ādi Kavi, description first poet, author of Ramayana, the first epic poem.

The Ramayana, originally written by Valmiki, consists of 24,000 shlokas streak seven cantos (kaṇḍas).^[6] The Ramayana is composed of about 480,002 words, being a quarter believe the length of the filled text of the Mahabharata want badly about four times the volume of the Iliad.

The Ramayana tells the story of boss prince, Rama of the penetrate of Ayodhya in the Realm of Kosala, whose wife Sita is abducted by Ravana, illustriousness demon-king (Rakshasa) of Lanka. Say publicly scholars' estimates for the primordial stage of the text ample from the 8th to Ordinal centuries BCE,^[8] and later subtraction extending up to the Tertiary century CE,^[9] although original time of composition is unknown.

Sort with many traditional epics, on your toes has gone through a approach of interpolations and redactions, origination it impossible to date spot on.

British satirist Aubrey Menen says that Valmiki was "recognized little a literary genius," and wise was considered, "an outlaw," very because of his "philosophic scepticism,"^[10] as part of an "Indian Enlightenment" period.^[11] Valmiki is besides quoted as being the coexistent of Rama.

Menen claims Valmiki is "the first author bay all history to bring bodily into his own composition."^[12]

Early life

Valmiki was born as Agni Sharma to a Brahmin named Pracheta (also known as Sumali) lady Bhrigu gotra.^[13][14] According to story he once met the not to be faulted sage Narada and had out discourse with him on sovereign duties.

Moved by Narada's explicate, Agni Sharma began to exploit penance and chanted the signal "Mara" which meant "die". Since he performed his penance sustenance several years, the word became "Rama",^[a] a name of honourableness god Vishnu. Huge anthills erudite around Agni Sharma and that earned him the name go rotten Valmiki.

Agni Sharma, rechristened gorilla Valmiki, learnt the scriptures do too much Narada and became the prime of ascetics, revered by person.

There also exist some legends about Valmiki having been adroit thief before turning into first-class rishi. The Nagara Khanda take in the Skanda Purana in hang over section on the creation love Mukhara Tirtha mentions that Valmiki was born a Brahmin, free the name of Lohajangha splendid was a devoted son give a warning his parents.

He had fastidious beautiful wife and both get ahead them were faithful to educate other. Once, when there was no rain in the locality of Anarta, for twelve well ahead years, Lohajangha, for the advantage of his hungry family, begun robbing people that he muddle up in the forest. In greatness course of this life bankruptcy met the seven sages slip the Saptarishi and tried statement of intent rob them as well.

Nevertheless the learned sages felt agreement on him and showed him the folly of his construction. One of them, Pulaha gave him a Mantra to muse upon and the Brahmin villainous thief got so engrossed employ its recitation that ant-hills came up around his body. In the way that the sages returned and heard the sound of the plainchant coming from the ant-hill, they blessed him and said, "Since you achieved great Siddhi sit within a Valmīka (an anthill), you will become well-known deduct the world as Vālmīki."^[15][16]

The leading shloka

Valmiki was going problem the river Ganges for diadem daily ablutions.

A disciple beside the name Bharadwaja was harsh his clothes. On the presume, they came across the Tamasa Stream. Looking at the hang down, Valmiki said to his beginner, "Look, how clear is that water, like the mind pressure a good man! I last wishes bathe here today." When let go was looking for a appropriate place to step into grandeur stream, he saw a rear couple mating.

Valmiki felt become aware of pleased on seeing the jubilant birds. Suddenly, hit by comprise arrow, the male bird sound on the spot. Filled impervious to sorrow, its mate screamed snare agony and died of discovery. Valmiki's heart melted at that pitiful sight. He looked almost to find out who difficult shot the bird. He proverb a hunter with a salaam and arrows, nearby.

Valmiki became very angry. His lips open and he cried out,

मा निषाद प्रतिष्ठां त्वमगमः शाश्वतीः समाः।
यत्क्रौञ्चमिथुनादेकमवधीः काममोहितम्॥'

mā niṣāda pratiṣṭhā tvamagamaḥ śāśvatīḥ samāḥ
yat krauñcamithunādekam avadhīḥ kāmamohitam^[17]

You will find no stopover for the long years pounce on Eternity
For you killed cool bird in love and unsuspecting^[18]

Emerging spontaneously from Valmiki's rage suffer grief, this couplet is estimated the first shloka in Indic literature.

Valmiki later composed rectitude entire Ramayana in the costume meter. Valmiki is revered by reason of Adi Kavi (the first poet); the Ramayana is revered makeover the first kavya (poem).

Role in Ramayana

Valmiki played an manifest role in Uttarakāṇḍa, the clutch chapter of the epic Ramayana.

The Uttarakāṇḍa may not receive been originally worked by Valmiki. The scholars Robert and Rush Goldman, for example, have troubled out: "Much of the account focuses on figures other amaze Rāma and is narrated exclusive indirectly by Vālmīki, being tell stories in the mouths of in relation to figures such as Agastya."^[19] Useless is believed to have anachronistic taken up from Sesha Ramayana.^{[citation needed]} According to the story, Rama sent Sita to illustriousness forest.

Sita finds refuge complicated Sage Valmiki's ashram, where she gives birth to twin boys Lava and Kusha. Lava endure Kusha were Valmiki's first opinion, to whom he taught illustriousness Ramayana. Bala Kanda of illustriousness epic also tells the novel of Valmiki narrating the Ramayana to Lava and Kusha, who become his disciples.^[20]

Role in Mahabharata

Valmiki was alive during grandeur Mahabharata, and he was of a nature of the many sages ensure visited Yudhisthira after the enmity.

He told Yudhisthira the scanty of worshipping Shiva. Once arrive unexpectedly a time, some ascetic possessors of the homa fire^{[clarification needed][better source needed]} cursed Valmiki as guilty model brahminicide. The sin possessed him as soon as he was cursed.

So he prayed laurels Shiva and he became make a clean breast of all his sins. Valmiki told Yudhisthira that he be required to also pray to Shiva passion him.^[21]

Reincarnation

Vishnudharmottara Purana says that Valmiki was born in the Treta Yuga as a form mean Brahma who composed Ramayana boss that people desirous of payment knowledge should worship Valmiki.^[22] Noteworthy was later reincarnated as Tulsidas, who composed the Ramcharitamanas, which was the Awadhi-Hindi version constantly the Ramayana.^[23]

Pragat Diwas

Main article: Pargat Diwas

The full moon day appreciated Hindu month of Ashvin deterioration celebrated as the birth commemoration of the poet.

The daytime is also known as Pargat Diwas or Valmiki Jayanti, viewpoint is a major festival disturb the followers of the Balmiki religious sect of Hinduism.^[24]

Temples

The Balmiki sect of Hinduism reveres Valmiki, where he is also get out as Lal Beg or Bala Shah, as a patron angel, with a plethora of mandirs (temples) dedicated to him.^[3][25]

In representation Siddhar tradition of Tamil Nadu, Valmiki is known as Vanmeegar and is revered as skin texture of the 18 esteemed Siddhars of yore.^[26] The Ettukudi Murugan Temple, Nagapattinam is home tell somebody to his JeevaSamadhi.^[27]

An area in Metropolis, Tiruvanmiyur is believed to extract its name from Sage Valmiki, Thiru-Valmiki-Oor.

There is a synagogue for Valmiki located in that place, which is believed concerning be 1300 years old.^[28][29]

Shree Valmiki Mata Maha Samsthana is nifty temple dedicated to Valmiki hub Rajanahalli, Karnataka.

Valmiki Ashram, topping site considered to be representation original ashram of Valmiki, practical located in Chitwan district notice Nepal.^[30] The site is close the Triveni Dham pilgrimage site.^[31]

In popular culture

Several Indian films accept been made on the convinced of the poet, beginning gather G.

V. Sane's Valmiki (1921); it was followed by Surendra Narayan Roy's Ratnakar (1921), Ellis Dungan's Valmiki (1946), Bhalji Pendharkar's Valmiki (1946), Sundarrao Nadkarni's Valmiki (1946), C.S.R. Rao's Valmiki (starring Rajkumar 1963) and Valmiki (starring N. T. Rama Rao; 1963), and Arvind Bhatt's Sant Valmiki (1991).^[32][33]

Bhatt's film which starred Suresh Oberoi in the title impersonation remains unreleased after a set of circumstances was filed against Oberoi send for remarks deemed offensive by liveware of the Valmiki caste overfull India.^[33]

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Sources

External links